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EMT BASIC (101 OR) > Quiz 4 (Chapters 6 & 7) > Flashcards

Quiz 4 (Chapters 6 & 7) Flashcards

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1
Q

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is known​ as:

A

Shock

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2
Q

The​ ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx is​ the:

A

cricoid cartilage.

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3
Q

The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following​ mechanisms?

A

Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta

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4
Q

What are the two most easily injured portions of the​ spine?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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5
Q

You respond to a patient who is choking on a foreign object. This would indicate that the problem is most likely in the​ ________ airway.

A

upper

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6
Q

The fluid component of the blood is​ called:

A

plasma

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7
Q

What type of shock may be caused by hemorrhage or​ dehydration?

A

Hypovolemic shock

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8
Q

Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of​ muscles?

A

inhalation

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9
Q

Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure and transmit messages to the nervous​ system, which then triggers the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to make any needed size adjustments. These sensors are​ called:

A

stretch receptors.

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10
Q

The seat of respiratory control is found in​ the:

A

mendulla oblongata

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11
Q

Hypersensitivity can occur in response​ to:

A

certain​ foods, drugs, or animals.

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12
Q

What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the​ lungs?

A

​Nose, nasopharynx,​ hypopharynx, larynx,​ trachea, bronchi, alveoli

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13
Q

Which of the following statements provides reasons for the disruption of respiratory​ control?

A

Stroke, infection, brain​ trauma, toxins and​ drugs, and neurologic disorders can interrupt this control.

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14
Q

The trachea​ is:

A

below the larynx.

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15
Q

Which of the following are the components of the complete nervous​ system?

A

​Brain, spinal​ cord, and nerve tissue

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16
Q

Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large​ meal?

A

Pancreas

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17
Q

Physiology is the study​ of:

A

body function.

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18
Q

​________ blood returns to the right side of the heart.

A

Deoxygenated

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19
Q

An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance is​ called:

A

hypersensitivity.

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20
Q

What is the determining factor for cardiac​ output?

A

Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume

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21
Q

You have been dispatched to a local shopping mall where a​ 63-year-old female patient has slipped and fallen in a department store. Upon your​ arrival, you find her supine on the​ ground, conscious and oriented with stable vital​ signs, complaining of severe pain in the upper portion of her left leg and hip. Her left leg is slightly shortened and rotated outward. The bone most commonly fractured with a​ “broken hip” is​ the:

A

femur

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22
Q

The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the​ ________ blood pressure.

A

systolic

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23
Q

Which of the following glands secrete epinephrine into the​ bloodstream?

A

Adrenal

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24
Q

Our blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns with what byproduct of​ metabolism?

A

Carbon dioxide

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25
Q

The MOST​ superficial, or​ outermost, layer of the skin is​ the:

A

epidermis

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26
Q

Which of the following is most likely to lead to​ dehydration?

A

vomiting

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27
Q

What is the name of the large thigh​ bone?

A

femur

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28
Q

Endocrine disorders generally involve too many or not​ enough:

A

hormones.

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29
Q

Your patient is an​ 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema. He tells you he has been suffering for many years with​ “heart failure,” and his condition is​ worsening, especially with trouble breathing at night. Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart. Which chamber of the heart is the​ strongest, most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the​ body?

A

Left ventricle

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30
Q

Bile is created in which organ of the digestive​ system?

A

Liver

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31
Q

What type of shock may not allow the heart rate to increase to compensate for​ hypoperfusion?

A

Cardiogenic

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32
Q

Which of the following is the primary function of the​ stomach?

A

Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions

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33
Q

The tube through which urine passes to be eliminated from the body is​ the:

A

urethra

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34
Q

What causes the​ “seesaw” breathing pattern of young​ children?

A

They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.

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35
Q

The musculoskeletal system protects the internal​ organs, gives the body​ shape, and:

A

provides for body movement.

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36
Q

The only movable part of the skull is​ the:

A

mandible

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37
Q

Which of the following causes​ inhalation?

A

The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract.

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38
Q

The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as ventilation​ involves:

A

the movement of gases to and from the alveoli.

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39
Q

Not all inspired air reaches the​ alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is​ called:

A

dead air space.

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40
Q

The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy​ is:

A

glucose.

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41
Q

Anemia is a decrease in the number​ of:

A

red blood cells.

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42
Q

Which type of muscle allows for movement such as running or throwing a​ baseball?

A

Voluntary muscle

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43
Q

You are caring for a​ 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular​ system, you know he could be suffering from​ damage, narrowing, or blockage of what​ arteries?

A

Coronary arteries

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44
Q

The volume of air that is breathed in and out with each breath is called​ the:

A

tidal volume

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45
Q

What is the term for the cellular function of converting glucose into energy​ (ATP)?

A

Metabolism

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46
Q

The net result of respiratory challenges is low​ oxygen, also called​ ________, within the body

A

hypoxia

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47
Q

Which of the following terms describes the heart​ muscle’s ability to generate its own electrical​ impulses?

A

Automaticity

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48
Q

Your patient is a​ 22-year-old female who accidentally ate some shellfish and is now having a severe reaction. She tells you that the last time she ate​ shellfish, “They had to put a breathing tube in my throat and I almost​ died.” Her face is starting to swell up and you can hear audible wheezing when she breathes. The chemical that produces edema and narrowing of the airways during hypersensitivity reactions like this is​ called:

A

histamine

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49
Q

Which organ is the principal organ of the renal​ system?

A

kidney

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50
Q

What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism​?

A

Oxygen and glucose

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51
Q

What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the​ lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

52
Q

The human body is made up of​ ________ percent water.

A

60%

53
Q

Oxygen​ is:

A

required for normal cell metabolism

54
Q

The dorsalis pedis artery supplies blood to what part of the​ body?

A

foot

55
Q

What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to​ hemorrhage?

A

Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues

56
Q

The potential space between the lung and chest wall is called​ the:

A

pleural space

57
Q

Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood​ loss?

A

Spleen

58
Q

In the normal drive to​ breathe, chemoreceptors are stimulated​ by:

A

high carbon dioxide

59
Q

What type of blood vessels surround the​ alveoli?

A

capillaries

60
Q

The coronary arteries are responsible​ for:

A

supplying blood to the heart.

61
Q

Which of the following structures closes over the trachea to protect it during​ swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

61
Q

Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the​ stomach?

A

Esophagus

62
Q

You are on the scene at an office building where a​ 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a​ fight-or-flight response may have been activated in this​ patient, involving which nervous system and which​ hormone?

A

Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine

63
Q

When carbon dioxide is not​ exchanged, the net result is high carbon​ dioxide, a condition called​ ________, within the body.

A

hypercapnia

64
Q

If your patient were in shock but her​ body’s responses were able to maintain adequate​ perfusion, the patient would be​ in:

A

compensated shock.

65
Q

The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset​ diffusion, which is defined​ as:

A

the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries.

66
Q

In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse​ palpated?

A

In the crease between the abdomen and the groin

67
Q

In distributive​ shock, what is​ lost?

A

Blood vessel tone

68
Q

Water that is found in the space between cells and blood vessels is​ called:

A

interstitial

69
Q

What is another name for the shoulder​ blade?

A

Scapula

70
Q

What element does the cell need in order to not dehydrate and​ die?

A

water

71
Q

A​ 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage. Upon your​ arrival, you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood. He is extremely pale. Based on your knowledge of​ pathophysiology, you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following​ ways, except​:

A

constricted pupils.

72
Q

If the patient experiences a drop in respiratory rate as a result of a drug​ overdose, what will be the effect on the​ patient’s minute​ volume?

A

The minute volume will decrease.

73
Q

In normal​ exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the​ chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of​ process?

A

passive process

74
Q

Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the venae​ cavae?

A

Right atrium

75
Q

Which of the following is most likely a sign of nervous system​ impairment?

A

Loss of sensation on one side of the body

75
Q

What is the​ large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the​ pelvis?

A

Illium

76
Q

If your patient has a severe burn​ injury, you should​ suspect:

A

fluid loss

77
Q

Shock occurs as a result of which of the​ following?

A

inadequate perfusion

78
Q

Toxins and some drugs can affect the medulla and adversely​ affect:

A

minute volume.

79
Q

What two divisions of the nervous system help control the size of the blood​ vessels?

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

80
Q

Which of the following body systems primarily produces​ hormones?

A

Endocrine

80
Q

Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the​ body?

A

Capillaries

81
Q

What is the long bone of the upper portion of the​ arm?

A

Humerus

82
Q

What is the bone on the thumb side of the​ forearm?

A

Radius

82
Q

The ribs move downward and inward and the diaphragm rises​ during:

A

exhalation

83
Q

Which division of the nervous system carries sensory information to the spinal cord and brain and motor information from the brain to the​ body?

A

Peripheral nervous system

84
Q

What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another​ bone?

A

ligament

85
Q

The major artery of the neck is​ the:

A

carotid

86
Q

The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as respiration​ involves:

A

the exchange of gases between circulating blood and the cells.

87
Q

A patient breathing in room air should be receiving​ ________ percent oxygen.

A

21

88
Q

Which layer of the skin is rich in​ glands, nerves, and blood​ vessels?

A

dermis

89
Q

Failure of the liver would result in which of the​ following?

A

Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream

90
Q

The main muscles of breathing are the intercostal muscles and​ the:

A

diaphragm

91
Q

What is a patent​ airway?

A

A term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life

92
Q

What is an infection of the protective layers of the brain and spinal​ cord?

A

meningitis

93
Q

An infection of the brain is​ called:

A

encephalitis

94
Q

Stroke volume depends on a series of​ factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known​ as:

A

contractility.

95
Q

Which vessels transport blood from the tissues back to the​ heart?

A

veins

96
Q

The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is​ called:

A

anaerobic.

97
Q

What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the​ lungs?

A

smooth

98
Q

In Type 1​ diabetes, which gland does not secret enough of the hormone​ insulin?

A

pancreas

99
Q

A clot cannot form without which of the following blood​ components?

A

platelets

100
Q

What two body systems are critical for the life support chain​?

A

Respiratory and cardiovascular systems

101
Q

Which of the following would most likely lead to​ shock?

A

diarrhea

102
Q

A​ cell’s internally created fuel that is responsible for powering all the other cellular functions​ is:

A

ATP

103
Q

What is the larger bone of the lower​ leg?

A

tibia

104
Q

What system is composed of​ organs, tissues, and vessels that help maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the​ body’s immune​ system?

A

lymphatic system

105
Q

What do chemoreceptors found in the body and vascular system​ measure?

A

Low oxygen and high carbon dioxide

106
Q

The sympathetic nervous response causes which of the following to​ occur?

A

Breathing becomes faster and​ deeper, blood vessels​ constrict, heart beats stronger and​ faster, skin​ sweats, pupils​ dilate, and skin becomes pale.

107
Q

Which of the following best describes the medical condition of​ shock?

A

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion

108
Q

Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by way of​ the:

A

pulmonary vein.

109
Q

What occurs when the autonomic nervous system is stimulated by​ stressors, resulting in a​ fight-or-flight reaction?

A

Blood vessels constrict.

110
Q

A general medical problem that can affect normal brain function​ is:

A

hypoglycemia

111
Q

A​ child’s ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an​ adult’s.

A

tongue

112
Q

One of the byproducts of metabolism without oxygen​ is:

A

lactic acid

113
Q

If a hole is created in the chest​ wall, air could escape or be drawn​ in, or if bleeding develops within the​ chest, air and blood can accumulate in the pleural space. This would force the lung​ to:

A

collapse

114
Q

What is the best description of the​ chest’s mechanical​ functions?

A

The chest is a closed space with only one​ opening; the​ trachea, to inspire​ air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the​ ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.

115
Q

What is the best description of the​ chest’s mechanical​ functions?

A

The chest is a closed space with only one​ opening; the​ trachea, to inspire​ air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the​ ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.

116
Q

What is the name for the small sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes​ place?

A

alveoli

116
Q

Damage to the electrical system of the heart can cause it to beat too​ fast, a condition​ called:

A

tachycardia

117
Q

What is another name for the eye​ socket?

A

orbit

118
Q

Injuries to the brain and spinal​ cord, sepsis, and systemic allergic reactions can cause what similar cardiovascular​ problem?

A

loss of tone

119
Q

When the​ body’s water moves from the bloodstream into the interstitial​ space, this can often be seen​ as:

A

edema

120
Q

What does severe sepsis change about the thin wall between the alveoli and the alveolar​ capillaries?

A

its permeability

121
Q

Which of the following systems is primarily responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and removing them from the​ body?

A

urinary

121
Q

In​ diaphoresis, the skin​ is:

A

sweaty

EMT BASIC (101 OR) (9 decks)

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