Quiz 4 (Chapters 6 & 7) Flashcards
Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is known as:
Shock
The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx is the:
cricoid cartilage.
The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms?
Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine?
Cervical and lumbar
You respond to a patient who is choking on a foreign object. This would indicate that the problem is most likely in the ________ airway.
upper
The fluid component of the blood is called:
plasma
What type of shock may be caused by hemorrhage or dehydration?
Hypovolemic shock
Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of muscles?
inhalation
Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure and transmit messages to the nervous system, which then triggers the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to make any needed size adjustments. These sensors are called:
stretch receptors.
The seat of respiratory control is found in the:
mendulla oblongata
Hypersensitivity can occur in response to:
certain foods, drugs, or animals.
What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs?
Nose, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
Which of the following statements provides reasons for the disruption of respiratory control?
Stroke, infection, brain trauma, toxins and drugs, and neurologic disorders can interrupt this control.
The trachea is:
below the larynx.
Which of the following are the components of the complete nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, and nerve tissue
Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large meal?
Pancreas
Physiology is the study of:
body function.
________ blood returns to the right side of the heart.
Deoxygenated
An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance is called:
hypersensitivity.
What is the determining factor for cardiac output?
Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
You have been dispatched to a local shopping mall where a 63-year-old female patient has slipped and fallen in a department store. Upon your arrival, you find her supine on the ground, conscious and oriented with stable vital signs, complaining of severe pain in the upper portion of her left leg and hip. Her left leg is slightly shortened and rotated outward. The bone most commonly fractured with a “broken hip” is the:
femur
The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the ________ blood pressure.
systolic
Which of the following glands secrete epinephrine into the bloodstream?
Adrenal
Our blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns with what byproduct of metabolism?
Carbon dioxide
The MOST superficial, or outermost, layer of the skin is the:
epidermis
Which of the following is most likely to lead to dehydration?
vomiting
What is the name of the large thigh bone?
femur
Endocrine disorders generally involve too many or not enough:
hormones.
Your patient is an 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema. He tells you he has been suffering for many years with “heart failure,” and his condition is worsening, especially with trouble breathing at night. Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart. Which chamber of the heart is the strongest, most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
Left ventricle
Bile is created in which organ of the digestive system?
Liver
What type of shock may not allow the heart rate to increase to compensate for hypoperfusion?
Cardiogenic
Which of the following is the primary function of the stomach?
Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions
The tube through which urine passes to be eliminated from the body is the:
urethra
What causes the “seesaw” breathing pattern of young children?
They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.
The musculoskeletal system protects the internal organs, gives the body shape, and:
provides for body movement.
The only movable part of the skull is the:
mandible
Which of the following causes inhalation?
The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract.
The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as ventilation involves:
the movement of gases to and from the alveoli.
Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is called:
dead air space.
The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy is:
glucose.
Anemia is a decrease in the number of:
red blood cells.
Which type of muscle allows for movement such as running or throwing a baseball?
Voluntary muscle
You are caring for a 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system, you know he could be suffering from damage, narrowing, or blockage of what arteries?
Coronary arteries
The volume of air that is breathed in and out with each breath is called the:
tidal volume
What is the term for the cellular function of converting glucose into energy (ATP)?
Metabolism
The net result of respiratory challenges is low oxygen, also called ________, within the body
hypoxia
Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle’s ability to generate its own electrical impulses?
Automaticity
Your patient is a 22-year-old female who accidentally ate some shellfish and is now having a severe reaction. She tells you that the last time she ate shellfish, “They had to put a breathing tube in my throat and I almost died.” Her face is starting to swell up and you can hear audible wheezing when she breathes. The chemical that produces edema and narrowing of the airways during hypersensitivity reactions like this is called:
histamine
Which organ is the principal organ of the renal system?
kidney
What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism?
Oxygen and glucose
What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
The human body is made up of ________ percent water.
60%
Oxygen is:
required for normal cell metabolism
The dorsalis pedis artery supplies blood to what part of the body?
foot
What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to hemorrhage?
Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
The potential space between the lung and chest wall is called the:
pleural space
Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood loss?
Spleen
In the normal drive to breathe, chemoreceptors are stimulated by:
high carbon dioxide
What type of blood vessels surround the alveoli?
capillaries
The coronary arteries are responsible for:
supplying blood to the heart.
Which of the following structures closes over the trachea to protect it during swallowing?
Epiglottis
Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the stomach?
Esophagus
You are on the scene at an office building where a 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a fight-or-flight response may have been activated in this patient, involving which nervous system and which hormone?
Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
When carbon dioxide is not exchanged, the net result is high carbon dioxide, a condition called ________, within the body.
hypercapnia
If your patient were in shock but her body’s responses were able to maintain adequate perfusion, the patient would be in:
compensated shock.
The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset diffusion, which is defined as:
the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries.
In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse palpated?
In the crease between the abdomen and the groin
In distributive shock, what is lost?
Blood vessel tone
Water that is found in the space between cells and blood vessels is called:
interstitial
What is another name for the shoulder blade?
Scapula
What element does the cell need in order to not dehydrate and die?
water
A 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage. Upon your arrival, you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood. He is extremely pale. Based on your knowledge of pathophysiology, you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following ways, except:
constricted pupils.
If the patient experiences a drop in respiratory rate as a result of a drug overdose, what will be the effect on the patient’s minute volume?
The minute volume will decrease.
In normal exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process?
passive process
Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the venae cavae?
Right atrium
Which of the following is most likely a sign of nervous system impairment?
Loss of sensation on one side of the body
What is the large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the pelvis?
Illium
If your patient has a severe burn injury, you should suspect:
fluid loss
Shock occurs as a result of which of the following?
inadequate perfusion
Toxins and some drugs can affect the medulla and adversely affect:
minute volume.
What two divisions of the nervous system help control the size of the blood vessels?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones?
Endocrine
Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body?
Capillaries
What is the long bone of the upper portion of the arm?
Humerus
What is the bone on the thumb side of the forearm?
Radius
The ribs move downward and inward and the diaphragm rises during:
exhalation
Which division of the nervous system carries sensory information to the spinal cord and brain and motor information from the brain to the body?
Peripheral nervous system
What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another bone?
ligament
The major artery of the neck is the:
carotid
The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as respiration involves:
the exchange of gases between circulating blood and the cells.
A patient breathing in room air should be receiving ________ percent oxygen.
21
Which layer of the skin is rich in glands, nerves, and blood vessels?
dermis
Failure of the liver would result in which of the following?
Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream
The main muscles of breathing are the intercostal muscles and the:
diaphragm
What is a patent airway?
A term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life
What is an infection of the protective layers of the brain and spinal cord?
meningitis
An infection of the brain is called:
encephalitis
Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known as:
contractility.
Which vessels transport blood from the tissues back to the heart?
veins
The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called:
anaerobic.
What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs?
smooth
In Type 1 diabetes, which gland does not secret enough of the hormone insulin?
pancreas
A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components?
platelets
What two body systems are critical for the life support chain?
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
Which of the following would most likely lead to shock?
diarrhea
A cell’s internally created fuel that is responsible for powering all the other cellular functions is:
ATP
What is the larger bone of the lower leg?
tibia
What system is composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body’s immune system?
lymphatic system
What do chemoreceptors found in the body and vascular system measure?
Low oxygen and high carbon dioxide
The sympathetic nervous response causes which of the following to occur?
Breathing becomes faster and deeper, blood vessels constrict, heart beats stronger and faster, skin sweats, pupils dilate, and skin becomes pale.
Which of the following best describes the medical condition of shock?
A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the:
pulmonary vein.
What occurs when the autonomic nervous system is stimulated by stressors, resulting in a fight-or-flight reaction?
Blood vessels constrict.
A general medical problem that can affect normal brain function is:
hypoglycemia
A child’s ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an adult’s.
tongue
One of the byproducts of metabolism without oxygen is:
lactic acid
If a hole is created in the chest wall, air could escape or be drawn in, or if bleeding develops within the chest, air and blood can accumulate in the pleural space. This would force the lung to:
collapse
What is the best description of the chest’s mechanical functions?
The chest is a closed space with only one opening; the trachea, to inspire air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.
What is the best description of the chest’s mechanical functions?
The chest is a closed space with only one opening; the trachea, to inspire air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.
What is the name for the small sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place?
alveoli
Damage to the electrical system of the heart can cause it to beat too fast, a condition called:
tachycardia
What is another name for the eye socket?
orbit
Injuries to the brain and spinal cord, sepsis, and systemic allergic reactions can cause what similar cardiovascular problem?
loss of tone
When the body’s water moves from the bloodstream into the interstitial space, this can often be seen as:
edema
What does severe sepsis change about the thin wall between the alveoli and the alveolar capillaries?
its permeability
Which of the following systems is primarily responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and removing them from the body?
urinary
In diaphoresis, the skin is:
sweaty
