Quiz 4 (Ch 7 and 8): Prefixes, Suffixes and Roots Flashcards
Root: alveol*
alveolous, air sac
ex: alveolus/alveoli - small air sac in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
Root: spirat
breathe
ex: spirometry - a test used to access lung function by measuring how much air you can inhale, how much you can exhale, and how quickly you can exhale
Root: bronch/i*
bronchus
ex: bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Root: pnea*
breathe
ex: apnea - a temporary cessation of breathing, often during sleep
ex: dyspnea - difficulty or discomfort in breathing, often associated with conditions affecting the lungs or heart
ex: tachypnea - abnomrally rapid breathing
Root: attenu
to weaken
ex: attenuate - to weaken or reduce in force of intensity
Root: or/o*
mouth
ex: oral - relating to the mouth or administered through or affecting the mouth
Root: humor
fluid or moisture
ex: humoral - relating to body fluids, especially blood serum
ex: humorology - study of bodily fluids and their effects on health
Root: pleur*
pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs and lining of the chest)
ex: pleurisy - inflammation of the pleura
ex: pleurcentesis - medical procedure involving the removal of fluid from the pleural cavity
Root: congest
accumulation of fluid
ex: congestion - abnormal accumulation of fluid, such as blood or mucus, leading to swelling or obstruction of normal flow
ex: congestive heart failure - a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup
Root: defici
failure, lacking
ex: deficiency - a lack or insufficiency of something essential or necessary for proper functioning or health
Root: all/o
strange, other
ex: allopathy - system of medical practice that aims to combat disease by using remedies producing effects different from those of the disease treated
ex: alloimmunity - immune response to antigens from another individuals of the same species
Prefix: hypo*
below, deficiency
ex: hypoglycemia - abnormally low level of sugar in the blood, often associated with symptoms such as weakness, dizziness and sweating
ex: hypotension - abnormally low blood pressure
Prefix: ex
away from, out of
ex: exhale - to breathe out or expel air from the lungs
ex: excrete - to eliminate waste or excess material from the body
Prefix: per*
through, throughout
ex: permeate - to spread throughout or penetrate something
ex: persevere - to persist or continue in a course of action despite difficulties or obstables
ex: permeable - allowing liquids or gasses to pass through
Prefix: epi*
above, upon
ex: epidermis - outermost layer of the skin, covering the body’s surface
ex: epidemic - a widespread occurrence of a disease in a particular community or region at a particular time
Prefix: para
adjacent to, alongside, beside
ex: paralysis - loss of the ability to move or control voluntary muscles in part or most of the body, typically caused by injury or disease to the nervous system
ex: parathyroid - pertaining to the parathyroid glands, which are four small glands located near or attached to the thyroid gland in the neck
Prefix: ana*
away from, excessive
ex: anaphylaxis - life-threatening allergic reaction when exposed to an allergen, leading to difficulty breathing, low blood pressure and shock
Prefix: re
again, back, backward
ex: rebuild - to construct or assemble something again, typically after being dismantled
ex: renew - to make something new again
Prefix: dys*
bad, difficult, painful
ex: dysfunction - abnormal or impaired function of an organ
ex: dysphagia - difficulty or discomfort in swallowing
ex: dysuria - painful or difficult urination
Prefix: auto
self, same
ex: autoimmune - relating to or caused by the body’s immune system attacking its own tissues or cells
Prefix: retro
backward
ex: retrograde - moving or directed backward or in a reverse direction
ex: retroflex - bent or turned backward
Prefix: poly
many, much, excessive
ex: polyuria - excessive production of urine
ex: polydactyly - a congenital condition characterized by the presence of extra fingers or toes
Suffix: crit*
to separate or choose
ex: hemotocrit - the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume, measured in a blood sample
Suffix: centesis
to puncture
ex: thoracentesis - a procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space using a needle inserted through the chest wall
ex: arthocentesis - remove synovial fluid from a joint cavity for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
Suffix: oid*
resembling
ex: android - resembling a human
ex: asteroid - resembling a star
Suffix: ole*
small
ex: arteriole - a small branch of an artery that leads to capillaries
ex: bronchiole - a small branch of the bronchial tubes within the lungs
Suffix: ory
having function of
ex: sensory - relating to the sense or senation - function of senses
ex: respiratory - relating to the respiration or the process of breathing
Suffix: eal*
pertaining to
ex: corporeal - relating to the body or physical existence
ex: meningeal - relating to the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Suffix: tomy*
surgical incision
ex: tracheotomy - surgical procedure involving an incision into the trachea to provide an airway for breathing
Suffix: ize
action, affect in a specific way, make
ex: sterilize - to make something free from bacteria
ex: anesthetize - to induce a state of anesthesia, typically to numb sensation or consciousness
Suffix: cyte
cell
ex: leukocyte - a white blood cell involved in the immune response
ex: osteocyte - a bone cell embedded within the bone matrix responsible for maintaining bone tissue
Suffix: ectomy
surgical excision
ex: lobectomy - surgical removal of a lobe of an organ
ex: appendectomy - surgical removal of the appendix
