Quiz 4 - Ch. 27/28 Flashcards
Monozygotic
single ovulation (only 1 egg and 1 sperm)
1 zygote splits into 2
ex: identical twins
Dizygotic
double ovulation (2 egg and 2 sperm)
2 zygotes
ex: fraternal twins
Hermaphrodites
individual with both male and female reproductive organs
External Fertilization
parents discharge gametes into water
timing is critical
Internal Fertilization
sperm deposited in or close to female reproductive tract
most land dwelling animals
Human Female Reproductive Terms
(inside to outside) ~ Follicles/Corpus Luteum ~ Ovaries ~ Oviduct (Fallopian Tubes) ~ Uterus (Wall and Lining or Endometrium) ~ Cervix ~ Vagina
Endometrium
lining of uterus
shed at menstruation (only humans)
Major reproductive hormones in females
Estrogen and Progesterone (in ovaries)
Stuff in Ovaries
Follicles
Corpus luteum
estrogen and progesterone
Human Male Reproductive Terms
(inside to outside) ~ bladder ~ seminanal vesicle ~ vas deferens ~ ejaculatory duct ~ prostate gland ~ bulborethral gland ~ urethra ~ erectile tissue of penis ~ vas deferens ~ (scrotum) ~ epididymis ~ testis ~ glans of penis
Reproductive Stimulation
Hypothalums ⇒
Releasing Hormones (Gonadotropin) ⇒
Anterior Pituitary ⇒
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) ⇒
Gonads ⇒
Ovaries/Testies – makes reproductive steroid hormones and gametes
Hormonal Contraception
prevents woman from ovulating by keeping estrogen and progesterone levels relatively stable
Zygote
1 celled, diploid embryo
Cleavage Divisions
mitosis division in the early embryo
rapid and cells do not increase in size
separates cytoplasmic components
Induction
one group of cells influence another group of cells’ development
communication through protein sharing
one group telling another what to do to form something
