Quiz 2 - Ch. 10/11 Flashcards
DNA
a polymer of nucleotides
Nucleotide (includes 3 things)
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous Base
Sugars in Nucleotides
Deoxyribose in DNA
Ribose in RNA
Nitrogenous Base
Thymine (T)/Uracil (U) in RNA
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Complementary Strands of DNA
A with T
G with G
ALWAYS!
Where are the things in the nucleotide?
Sugars and Phosphates on the outside, Nitrogenous Base in the middle
Types of Bonds in DNA
Covalent bonds hold together the outside and hydrogen bonds hold together the inside
Antiparellelism
DNA strands run in opposite directions (5 prime and 3 prime)
DNA Replication
starts in multiple locations (“replication bubbles”) at once
“unzips” and fills in the blanks
during S Phase
DNA Polymerase
enzyme that synthesizes new piece of DNA in 5’ to 3’ (based on carbons) direction
super super fast
hardly ever makes mistakes
can’t go backwards
Origins of Replication
where DNA replication bubbles start
multiple at once
Central Dogma of Biology (aka: purpose of stuff)
DNA ⇒ RNA ⇒ Protein
Transcription
process of creating RNA from DNA
in the nucleus for Eukaryotic cells
Translation
process of creating protein from RNA
uses 2 base sequences of RNA = codon (three letters long) ⇒ to code for an amino acid
Genes to Proteins
we have a lot less genes than a bunch of simpler things (like corn), but from those genes we make endless proteins that do endless amounts of things