Quiz 2 - Ch. 10/11

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

a polymer of nucleotides

Question 2

Nucleotide (includes 3 things)

Answer 2

Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous Base

Question 3

Sugars in Nucleotides

Answer 3

Deoxyribose in DNA

Ribose in RNA

Question 4

Nitrogenous Base

Answer 4

Thymine (T)/Uracil (U) in RNA
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)

Question 5

Complementary Strands of DNA

Answer 5

A with T
G with G
ALWAYS!

Question 6

Where are the things in the nucleotide?

Answer 6

Sugars and Phosphates on the outside, Nitrogenous Base in the middle

Question 7

Types of Bonds in DNA

Answer 7

Covalent bonds hold together the outside and hydrogen bonds hold together the inside

Question 8

Antiparellelism

Answer 8

DNA strands run in opposite directions (5 prime and 3 prime)

Question 9

DNA Replication

Answer 9

starts in multiple locations (“replication bubbles”) at once

“unzips” and fills in the blanks

during S Phase

Question 10

DNA Polymerase

Answer 10

enzyme that synthesizes new piece of DNA in 5’ to 3’ (based on carbons) direction

super super fast

hardly ever makes mistakes

can’t go backwards

Question 11

Origins of Replication

Answer 11

where DNA replication bubbles start

multiple at once

Question 12

Central Dogma of Biology (aka: purpose of stuff)

Answer 12

DNA ⇒ RNA ⇒ Protein

Question 13

Transcription

Answer 13

process of creating RNA from DNA

in the nucleus for Eukaryotic cells

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

process of creating protein from RNA

uses 2 base sequences of RNA = codon (three letters long) ⇒ to code for an amino acid

Question 15

Genes to Proteins

Answer 15

we have a lot less genes than a bunch of simpler things (like corn), but from those genes we make endless proteins that do endless amounts of things

Question 16

3 Types of RNA

Answer 16

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Question 17

mRNA

Answer 17

messenger RNA (90%)

Question 18

rRNA

Answer 18

ribosomal RNA

part of ribosome

Question 19

rTNA

Answer 19

transfer RNA

carries amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 20

Promoter DNA

Answer 20

signals the beginning of a DNA sequence

activates RNA polymerase

Question 21

Terminator DNA

Answer 21

signals the end of a DNA sequence

deactivates/drops RNA polymerase

Question 22

Splicing of mRNA

Answer 22

introns are removed and exons are spliced together; to eventually diversify amino acid sequence and Δ end product (proteins)

Question 23

What happens during protein creation?

Answer 23

groups of three from the DNA sequence make amino acids which them make proteins

Question 24

Regulation of Gene Expression

Answer 24

Environmental Influences
Developmental Stage
Cellular Differentiation

Question 25

Access of RNA Polymerase to Promoter

Answer 25

Enzymes/Proteins blocking or signaling promoter Chromosome structure