Quiz 4 Flashcards
Top
Dorsal
Bottom
Ventral
Front
Anterior
Back
Posterior
Middle
Medial
Side
Lateral
Frontal Lobe function
- problem-solving
- language production
Parietal Lobe (dorsal) function
- attention
- spacial processing
- somatosensory processing
Temporal Lobe (ventral) function
- auditory processing
- pattern recognizing
- language processing
Occipital Lobe function
visual processing
“where” and “what” pathways
dorsal = where ventral = what
Cerebral hemisphere functions
Left = substantive, sharp/narrow focus & language Right = transitive, abstract processing
What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
corpus callosum
Implicit/procedural memory is associated with the ____ and _____
Basal ganglia and motor cortex
Explicit/declarative memory is associated with the _____
limbic cortex
Consolidation of episodic memory is mediated by the _____
hippocampus
Where are emotions processed?
limbic system
Amygdala function
regulates emotions and focuses on the fear response
Dendrite
receive neuronal impulses from the previous neuron
Axon
an insulated cable that passes the electric signals away from the current neuron
Synapse
the junction structure where one neuron sends a signal to another
Adrenaline
fight or flight
Noradrenaline
concentration/alertness
Dopamine
pleasure
Serotonin
mood
ϒ-Aminobutryic Acid
calming
Acetylcholine
learning
Glutamate
memory
What is an emotion?
a brief episode of coordinated brain, autonomic, and behavioural changes in response to an event of significance for the organism
What are feelings?
correspond to the subjective experience
of emotions, they are the way you as an
individual experience the emotion
What are moods?
affective states that are often of lower intensity than emotions but considerably longer in duration
What does “affective” mean?
emotions, feelings, moods
Research on uncertainty reduction theory suggests that when people engage in communication, their primary goal is ______
a reduction in uncertainty regarding the person or situation
People experience the least uncertainty with another if ______
they can see an abstracted reflection of themselves
Positive valence
attractiveness
negative valence
aversiveness
What do theories of emotion explain?
- distinct between emotions, feelings, and moods
- distinct between valence, intensity/arousal, affect, and emotion
- attempt to identify universal emotions
- explore the relation between important events, and emotion
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
- an event produces arousal
- the physiological changes are then interpreted to produce the emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
-the event itself can produce arousal and emotion, but arousal does not need to come first
James-Lange Theory of Emotion flowchart
event –> arousal –> interpretation –> emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion flowchart
emotion arousal
Cognitive Theory of Emotion
-the event and arousal happen at the same time
Emergence-Synthesis Theory of Emotion
- some emotions do not require interpretation while others do
- many different affective configurations are possible
Classical view for how reason and emotion are linked
emotions get in the way of reason
Romantic view for how reason and emotion are linked
emotions are better than reason
Attention acts as a ___
filter, focusing on what’s important and blocking out the rest
Emotions steer attention towards _______ that are important for ______
- items in the visual field
- survival
According to some theories, dangerous items are more perceptually _____
salient/important
flashbulb memory
- better recall for personal events during significant or emergency situations
- a type of autobiographical memory since it’s events, not facts
What kind of stimuli are better remembered? Why?
-Negative and arousing stimuli
-greater attention, greater distinctiveness, and
thinking about them more
Mood dependent- memory
-Recall is better when the mood at recall matches that during learning
The amygdala, a part of the limbic system, is responsible for ______
classical conditioning of a fear response
the “low road” to the amygdala mediates _______
fast emergency responses
the “high road” to the amygdala mediates ____
more thoughtful responses
Where do neurotransmitters travel?
Between nerve cells, activating the amygdala and hippocampus
Mentalist Theory of Mind
1) The ability to understand others’ mental states:
belief, desires, intentions
2) We use our mutual knowledge, beliefs, expectations, and assumptions to ground our interactions
-we have our own idea of what others are thinking
Attribution/Factors affecting attribution
- explanation for the causes of events or behaviours
- fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, belief in a just world
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to prefer internal or dispositional traits as
the best explanation for people’s behaviour
Self-serving bias
“The tendency to explain our own failures to external causes but to explain other people’s failures as internal ones
Belief in a just world
The phenomenon in which we think that people
get what they deserve
Ingroup favouritism
Viewing your own group as being more diverse, attractive, nicer, and more socially acceptable
Outgroup homogeneity effect
others are seen as having more similarity
Ontology can be:
- Distributed across groups
- Distributed over inner and outer
processes - Culture can organize cognition
Mentalism (cognition)
People use mental representations to imagine what others are thinking
Functionalism (cognition)
social cognitive processing serves a purpose
Shared distributed cognition involves
- shared tacit (implied) knowledge
- how to attend and what to attend to
- context
- Fundamental Mechanisms of Coordination
- public/private goals, sharing information, etc.
Polanyi’s structure of tacit knowledge
Functional aspect
Phenomenal Aspect
Semantic aspect
Ontological aspect
Functional aspect of tacit knowledge
we attend from particulars to wholes
Phenomenal aspect of tacit knowledge
we are aware of the particulars in the appearance
of the wholes
Semantic aspect of tacit knowledge
the particulars become meaningful by their relation
to the whole
Ontological aspect of tacit knowledge
what the tacit knowledge is a knowledge of
Joint salience
The ideal solution to a coordination problem among two or more agents is the solution that is more salient, prominent, or conspicuous with respect to their common ground
Mood congruent memory
We remember more stimuli if those stimuli match a mood we were in while learning them
