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COGS 100 > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Top

A

Dorsal

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2
Q

Bottom

A

Ventral

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3
Q

Front

A

Anterior

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4
Q

Back

A

Posterior

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5
Q

Middle

A

Medial

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6
Q

Side

A

Lateral

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7
Q

Frontal Lobe function

A
  • problem-solving

- language production

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8
Q

Parietal Lobe (dorsal) function

A
  • attention
  • spacial processing
  • somatosensory processing
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9
Q

Temporal Lobe (ventral) function

A
  • auditory processing
  • pattern recognizing
  • language processing
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10
Q

Occipital Lobe function

A

visual processing

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11
Q

“where” and “what” pathways

A 
dorsal = where
ventral = what
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12
Q

Cerebral hemisphere functions

A 
Left =  substantive, sharp/narrow focus & language
Right = transitive, abstract processing
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13
Q

What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

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14
Q

Implicit/procedural memory is associated with the ____ and _____

A

Basal ganglia and motor cortex

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15
Q

Explicit/declarative memory is associated with the _____

A

limbic cortex

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16
Q

Consolidation of episodic memory is mediated by the _____

A

hippocampus

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17
Q

Where are emotions processed?

A

limbic system

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18
Q

Amygdala function

A

regulates emotions and focuses on the fear response

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19
Q

Dendrite

A

receive neuronal impulses from the previous neuron

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20
Q

Axon

A

an insulated cable that passes the electric signals away from the current neuron

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21
Q

Synapse

A

the junction structure where one neuron sends a signal to another

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22
Q

Adrenaline

A

fight or flight

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23
Q

Noradrenaline

A

concentration/alertness

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24
Q

Dopamine

A

pleasure

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25
Q

Serotonin

A

mood

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26
Q

ϒ-Aminobutryic Acid

A

calming

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27
Q

Acetylcholine

A

learning

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28
Q

Glutamate

A

memory

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29
Q

What is an emotion?

A

a brief episode of coordinated brain, autonomic, and behavioural changes in response to an event of significance for the organism

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30
Q

What are feelings?

A

correspond to the subjective experience
of emotions, they are the way you as an
individual experience the emotion

31
Q

What are moods?

A

affective states that are often of lower intensity than emotions but considerably longer in duration

32
Q

What does “affective” mean?

A

emotions, feelings, moods

33
Q

Research on uncertainty reduction theory suggests that when people engage in communication, their primary goal is ______

A

a reduction in uncertainty regarding the person or situation

34
Q

People experience the least uncertainty with another if ______

A

they can see an abstracted reflection of themselves

35
Q

Positive valence

A

attractiveness

36
Q

negative valence

A

aversiveness

37
Q

What do theories of emotion explain?

A
  • distinct between emotions, feelings, and moods
  • distinct between valence, intensity/arousal, affect, and emotion
  • attempt to identify universal emotions
  • explore the relation between important events, and emotion
38
Q

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

A
  • an event produces arousal

- the physiological changes are then interpreted to produce the emotion

39
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

A

-the event itself can produce arousal and emotion, but arousal does not need to come first

40
Q

James-Lange Theory of Emotion flowchart

A

event –> arousal –> interpretation –> emotion

41
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion flowchart

A

emotion arousal

42
Q

Cognitive Theory of Emotion

A

-the event and arousal happen at the same time

43
Q

Emergence-Synthesis Theory of Emotion

A
  • some emotions do not require interpretation while others do
  • many different affective configurations are possible
44
Q

Classical view for how reason and emotion are linked

A

emotions get in the way of reason

45
Q

Romantic view for how reason and emotion are linked

A

emotions are better than reason

46
Q

Attention acts as a ___

A

filter, focusing on what’s important and blocking out the rest

47
Q

Emotions steer attention towards _______ that are important for ______

A
  • items in the visual field

- survival

48
Q

According to some theories, dangerous items are more perceptually _____

A

salient/important

49
Q

flashbulb memory

A
  • better recall for personal events during significant or emergency situations
  • a type of autobiographical memory since it’s events, not facts
50
Q

What kind of stimuli are better remembered? Why?

A

-Negative and arousing stimuli
-greater attention, greater distinctiveness, and
thinking about them more

51
Q

Mood dependent- memory

A

-Recall is better when the mood at recall matches that during learning

52
Q

The amygdala, a part of the limbic system, is responsible for ______

A

classical conditioning of a fear response

53
Q

the “low road” to the amygdala mediates _______

A

fast emergency responses

54
Q

the “high road” to the amygdala mediates ____

A

more thoughtful responses

55
Q

Where do neurotransmitters travel?

A

Between nerve cells, activating the amygdala and hippocampus

56
Q

Mentalist Theory of Mind

A

1) The ability to understand others’ mental states:
belief, desires, intentions
2) We use our mutual knowledge, beliefs, expectations, and assumptions to ground our interactions
-we have our own idea of what others are thinking

57
Q

Attribution/Factors affecting attribution

A
  • explanation for the causes of events or behaviours

- fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, belief in a just world

58
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency to prefer internal or dispositional traits as

the best explanation for people’s behaviour

59
Q

Self-serving bias

A

“The tendency to explain our own failures to external causes but to explain other people’s failures as internal ones

60
Q

Belief in a just world

A

The phenomenon in which we think that people

get what they deserve

61
Q

Ingroup favouritism

A

Viewing your own group as being more diverse, attractive, nicer, and more socially acceptable

62
Q

Outgroup homogeneity effect

A

others are seen as having more similarity

63
Q

Ontology can be:

A
  1. Distributed across groups
  2. Distributed over inner and outer
    processes
  3. Culture can organize cognition
64
Q

Mentalism (cognition)

A

People use mental representations to imagine what others are thinking

65
Q

Functionalism (cognition)

A

social cognitive processing serves a purpose

66
Q

Shared distributed cognition involves

A
  • shared tacit (implied) knowledge
  • how to attend and what to attend to
  • context
  • Fundamental Mechanisms of Coordination
  • public/private goals, sharing information, etc.
67
Q

Polanyi’s structure of tacit knowledge

A

Functional aspect
Phenomenal Aspect
Semantic aspect
Ontological aspect

68
Q

Functional aspect of tacit knowledge

A

we attend from particulars to wholes

69
Q

Phenomenal aspect of tacit knowledge

A

we are aware of the particulars in the appearance

of the wholes

70
Q

Semantic aspect of tacit knowledge

A

the particulars become meaningful by their relation

to the whole

71
Q

Ontological aspect of tacit knowledge

A

what the tacit knowledge is a knowledge of

72
Q

Joint salience

A

The ideal solution to a coordination problem among two or more agents is the solution that is more salient, prominent, or conspicuous with respect to their common ground

73
Q

Mood congruent memory

A

We remember more stimuli if those stimuli match a mood we were in while learning them

COGS 100 (4 decks)

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