Quiz 4 Flashcards
_______ Cancer has the highest incidence in men, but ________ cancer
has the highest death rate in women.
Prostate; lung
2) If a tumor has 10^9 cells and you kill 99.9 % how many cells are left
10^6
List 2 characteristics of neoplasia
Uncoordinated growth
Loss of differentiation
Immortilization
Irreversible
Decreased response to suppressor genes
Briefly explain the mechanism of action of Cyclophosphamide and list two major side effects
Irreversibly binds nitrogen on Guanine and cross links base pairs in opposite strands of DNA, causing abnormal base parings, strand breaks, and inhibits DNA replication
Alkylating agent used in chronic myelogenous leukemia causing pulmonary fibrosis
Busulfan
Highly lipophilic, alkylates both DNA and protein, used mainly for brain tumors
Carmustine
Used in acute myelogenous leukemia, turns urine red
Daunorubicin
Cytosine analog with D-arabinose sugar attached
Cytarabine
Interferes with adenosine synthesis
6-mercaptopurine
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to prevent thymidine synthesis
Methotrexate
_______ Cancer has the highest incidence in women, but _______ cancer has the highest death rate in men
Breast; lung
T or F: Cancer chemotherapy kills a constant number of cells
False; kills a constant fraction (ie 99.9%)
List 2 cell characteristics of dysplasia
Loss of uniformity
Loss of architecture
Reversible
Briefly explain the mechanism of action of Cisplatin and list two major side effects
Binds nitrogen’s of guanine in the same strand of DNA, inhibits polymerase from replicating DNA,
Severe nausea and vomiting, Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity
Drug of choice for malignant gliomas
Temozolamide
Used mainly for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chlorambucil
Requires MESNA treatment to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis
Ifosfamide, Cyclophosphamide
Inhibits DNA polymerase and Topoisomerase II and is cardiotoxic
Doxorubicin
Flat ring structure, that also produces free radicals due to interactions with iron and copper
Bleomycin
S phase specific causes sock and glove neurotoxicity
5-fluorouracil
T or F: In both men and women lung cancer causes the most deaths in the United States
True
T or F: Men and women alive today both have a 50% chance of developing cancer during their lifetimes
False
Men - 1 in 2
Women - 1 in 3
An increase in cell number or size while function remains unchanged is called…
Hyperplasia
The concept of “clone-ogeinc tumor stem cells” means that if you eliminate the original tumor cell you can permanently eliminate the tumor.
False
Cisplatin is S phase cell cycle specific.
False
The dose limiting toxicity for all alkylating agents is bone marrow suppression
False
Carmustine is enzymatically converted to Acrolein which is the active agent
False
Temozolomide is the drug of choice for malignant gliomas and astrocytoma’s
True
Cisplatin produces more severe nausea and vomiting than Carboplatin.
True
Methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of dihydrofolate
False
In men prostate cancer has the highest incidence while in women breast cancer has the highest.
True
In children (1 -14) acute lymphocytic leukemia shows the highest incidence
True
_________ is the adaptive substitution of one differentiated cell type for another.
Metaplasia
In a solid tumor the cancer cells are very homogeneous
False
Bleomycin and Etoposide are S phase cell cycle specific
False
In general all alkylating agents can cause pulmonary fibrosis.
True
Cyclophosphamide undergoes non-enzymatic activation to phosphoramide mustard
which is the active agent
False
Busulfan can be used together with cyclophosphamide to ablate bone marrow prior to
bone marrow transplants.
True
Methotrexate toxicity in cancer cells is enhanced by co-administration of Leukovorin.
False
Cisplatin nephrotoxicity can be limited by administration of MESNA.
False
In 2015 cancer will overtake heart disease as the number one killer in the US.
False
In adolescents (15 -19) thyroid cancer shows the highest incidence.
False
_______ refers to cells which have lost their uniformity and
architectural orientation.
Dysplasia
All types of cancer cells are very rapidly growing
False
Alkylating agents are G1 phase cell cycle specific
False
The mechanism of action for all alkylating agents is to cross-link the two strands of DNA
by binding guanine.
False
MESNA is used to bind Acrolein to prevent bladder inflammation with
Cyclophosphamide
True
Ifosfamide undergoes metabolic activation by CYP3A4.
True
Carboplatin is useful in ovarian and non-small and small cell lung cancer
True
Methotrexate anticancer use is limited to acute and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia in children
False
