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Cology 2 Exam 4 > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ Cancer has the highest incidence in men, but ________ cancer
has the highest death rate in women.

A

Prostate; lung

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2
Q

2) If a tumor has 10^9 cells and you kill 99.9 % how many cells are left

A

10^6

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3
Q

List 2 characteristics of neoplasia

A

Uncoordinated growth

Loss of differentiation

Immortilization

Irreversible

Decreased response to suppressor genes

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4
Q

Briefly explain the mechanism of action of Cyclophosphamide and list two major side effects

A

Irreversibly binds nitrogen on Guanine and cross links base pairs in opposite strands of DNA, causing abnormal base parings, strand breaks, and inhibits DNA replication

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5
Q

Alkylating agent used in chronic myelogenous leukemia causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

Busulfan

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6
Q

Highly lipophilic, alkylates both DNA and protein, used mainly for brain tumors

A

Carmustine

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7
Q

Used in acute myelogenous leukemia, turns urine red

A

Daunorubicin

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8
Q

Cytosine analog with D-arabinose sugar attached

A

Cytarabine

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9
Q

Interferes with adenosine synthesis

A

6-mercaptopurine

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10
Q

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to prevent thymidine synthesis

A

Methotrexate

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11
Q

_______ Cancer has the highest incidence in women, but _______ cancer has the highest death rate in men

A

Breast; lung

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12
Q

T or F: Cancer chemotherapy kills a constant number of cells

A

False; kills a constant fraction (ie 99.9%)

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13
Q

List 2 cell characteristics of dysplasia

A

Loss of uniformity

Loss of architecture

Reversible

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14
Q

Briefly explain the mechanism of action of Cisplatin and list two major side effects

A

Binds nitrogen’s of guanine in the same strand of DNA, inhibits polymerase from replicating DNA,

Severe nausea and vomiting, Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity

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15
Q

Drug of choice for malignant gliomas

A

Temozolamide

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16
Q

Used mainly for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Chlorambucil

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17
Q

Requires MESNA treatment to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Ifosfamide, Cyclophosphamide

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18
Q

Inhibits DNA polymerase and Topoisomerase II and is cardiotoxic

A

Doxorubicin

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19
Q

Flat ring structure, that also produces free radicals due to interactions with iron and copper

A

Bleomycin

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20
Q

S phase specific causes sock and glove neurotoxicity

A

5-fluorouracil

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21
Q

T or F: In both men and women lung cancer causes the most deaths in the United States

A

True

22
Q

T or F: Men and women alive today both have a 50% chance of developing cancer during their lifetimes

A

False

Men - 1 in 2
Women - 1 in 3

23
Q

An increase in cell number or size while function remains unchanged is called…

A

Hyperplasia

24
Q

The concept of “clone-ogeinc tumor stem cells” means that if you eliminate the original tumor cell you can permanently eliminate the tumor.

A

False

25
Q

Cisplatin is S phase cell cycle specific.

A

False

26
Q

The dose limiting toxicity for all alkylating agents is bone marrow suppression

A

False

27
Q

Carmustine is enzymatically converted to Acrolein which is the active agent

A

False

28
Q

Temozolomide is the drug of choice for malignant gliomas and astrocytoma’s

A

True

29
Q

Cisplatin produces more severe nausea and vomiting than Carboplatin.

A

True

30
Q

Methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of dihydrofolate

A

False

31
Q

In men prostate cancer has the highest incidence while in women breast cancer has the highest.

A

True

32
Q

In children (1 -14) acute lymphocytic leukemia shows the highest incidence

A

True

33
Q

_________ is the adaptive substitution of one differentiated cell type for another.

A

Metaplasia

34
Q

In a solid tumor the cancer cells are very homogeneous

A

False

35
Q

Bleomycin and Etoposide are S phase cell cycle specific

A

False

36
Q

In general all alkylating agents can cause pulmonary fibrosis.

A

True

37
Q

Cyclophosphamide undergoes non-enzymatic activation to phosphoramide mustard

		which is the active agent
A

False

38
Q

Busulfan can be used together with cyclophosphamide to ablate bone marrow prior to

		bone marrow transplants.
A

True

39
Q

Methotrexate toxicity in cancer cells is enhanced by co-administration of Leukovorin.

A

False

40
Q

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity can be limited by administration of MESNA.

A

False

41
Q

In 2015 cancer will overtake heart disease as the number one killer in the US.

A

False

42
Q

In adolescents (15 -19) thyroid cancer shows the highest incidence.

A

False

43
Q

_______ refers to cells which have lost their uniformity and

	architectural orientation.
A

Dysplasia

44
Q

All types of cancer cells are very rapidly growing

A

False

45
Q

Alkylating agents are G1 phase cell cycle specific

A

False

46
Q

The mechanism of action for all alkylating agents is to cross-link the two strands of DNA

		by binding guanine.
A

False

47
Q

MESNA is used to bind Acrolein to prevent bladder inflammation with

		Cyclophosphamide
A

True

48
Q

Ifosfamide undergoes metabolic activation by CYP3A4.

A

True

49
Q

Carboplatin is useful in ovarian and non-small and small cell lung cancer

A

True

50
Q

Methotrexate anticancer use is limited to acute and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia in children

A

False

Cology 2 Exam 4 (16 decks)

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