Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cology 2 Exam 4 > Immune altering and hormonal therapy - 23 to 33 > Flashcards

Immune altering and hormonal therapy - 23 to 33 Flashcards

1
Q

How does hormonal therapy work in cancer?

A

Steroid hormones bind steroid responsiveness element on DNA
Binding activates or promotes gene expression, usually growth factors

Hormone-response elements remain so that in presence of hormone, oncogenes can drive tumor growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do glucocorticoids work in cancer?

A

Suppress white blood cells, used in acute lymphoblastic leukemias to decrease leukemic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do anti-estrogens work in cancer?

A

Used in breast, uterine, cervix, ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do anti-androgens work in cancer?

A

Used in testicular and prostate cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Tamoxifen?

A

Estrogen partial agonist (SERM), competes with estrogen for receptor binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Indications for Tamoxifen?

A

Estrogen dependent breast tumors

Also used to reduce risk of developing breast tumors in women with strong family history, premenopausal women given for 5 years, postmenopausal 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tamoxifen toxicities

A

Hot flashes, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, pulmonary embolism

Linked to endometrial cancer and blood clots

Positive estrogenic effects on bone and cholesterol tho!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Toremifene?

A

Tamoxifen analog

Increases TNFB to decrease cell proliferation/decrease cell growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Indication for Toremifene?

A

Estrogen dependent breast cancer

Looking at prostate cancer prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tamoxifen toxicities?

A

Similar response/adverse effects to tamoxifen

Hot flashes, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, pulmonary embolism

Linked to endometrial cancer and blood clots

Positive estrogenic effects on bone and cholesterol tho!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Raloxifene?

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM’s)
Estrogen effect in bone, CV system
Antagonist in Breast, uterine tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Indication for Raloxifene

A

Mostly used in osteoporosis
FDA approved to reduce breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and postmenopausal at high risk for breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Raloxifene toxicities?

A

Increased incidence of thromboembolism, hot flashes, muscle cramps, teratogenic in animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Fulvestrant?

A

Selective estrogen receptor down regulator (SERD’s)

Pure anti-estrogen, down regulates estrogen receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is Fulvestrant administered?

A

Monthly IM injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fulvestrant indications?

A

Postmenopausal hormone sensitive metastatic breast cancer

17
Q

Toxicities associated with Fulvestrant?

A 
Nausea
Asthenia
Pain
Vasodilation
Headache
18
Q

What is Anastrazole, Letrozole?

A

Nonsteroidal competitive aromatase inhibitors (decrease 98.1% of estrogen)

19
Q

How are anastrazole, letrozole administered?

A

Oral

20
Q

Indications for anastrazole, letrozole?

A

All women with postmenopausal estrogen sensitive breast cancer should receive aromatase inhibitors

21
Q

Anastrazole, letrozole toxicities?

A

Nausea, hot flashes, hair thinning, muscle pain, less CV events than tamoxifen

22
Q

What is Exemestane?

A

Irreversible steroidal aromatase suicide inhibitor (reduces estrogen by 98%)

23
Q

Indications for Exemestane?

A

Used in postmenopausal ER + breast cancer in women after 2-3 years of Tamoxifen, or for 5 years by itself

24
Q

Toxicities with Exemestane?

A 
Nausea
Hot flashes
Edema
Fatigue
Less frequent gynecological symptoms
More common visual disturbances and bone fractures
25
Q

What are flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide?

A

Synthetic nonsteiroidal anti androgens

26
Q

Indications for flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide

A

Prostate cancer

27
Q

MOA for flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide?

A

Bind androgen receptor to block testosterone stimulation of cancer cells, usually given with Leuprolide or goserelin

28
Q

Toxicities with flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide?

A

Gynecomastia
GI distress
Decreased libido
Vasomotor flushing

29
Q

What are Leuprolide, Goserelin, Histrelin, Triptorelin?

A

Analogs of GnRH
They occupy LHRH receptor in pituitary continuously, desensitize and inhibit release of FSH and LH
FSH and LH are responsible for testosterone release

30
Q

How are Leuprolide, Goserelin, Histrelin, Triptorelin administered?

A

Daily SubQ or monthly depot

31
Q

Toxicities of Leuprolide, Goserelin, Histrelin, Triptorelin?

A 
Impotence
Hot flashes
Gynecomastia
Nausea
Vomiting
32
Q

What is Nafarelin?

A

Nasal spray formulation of the GnRH analogs

Cology 2 Exam 4 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions