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BI 212 > Quiz 4/4/14 > Flashcards

Quiz 4/4/14 Flashcards

1
Q

The diameter of the lumen of an ___ is narrower than that of a ___.

A

Artery

Vein

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2
Q

The SA node is located where?

A

Posterior wall of the R atria

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3
Q

The AV node is located where?

A

Floor of R atrium nr coronary sinus

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4
Q

What is the AV bundle?

A

Connection pt between the AV node and the L and R bundle branches

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5
Q

What are purkinje fibers?

A

Sm myelinated axons around the apex of the heart

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6
Q

The P wave represents atrial ___.

A

Depolarization

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7
Q

The QRS complex represents what?

A

Ventricular depolarization

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8
Q

A T wave represents what?

A

Ventricular repolarization

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9
Q

Each big box on an EKG strip represents what period of time?

A

0.2 sec

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10
Q

The lumen of a vessel is what?

A

The inside diameter

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11
Q

Tunica intima is located where and compromised of what?

A

Inner layer of a blood vessel

Simple squamus epithelium

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12
Q

Tunica media is located where?

A

Middle layer of a blood vessel

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13
Q

How does the thickness of the tunica media of an artery compare to that of a vein?

A

Arteries are thicker than veins

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14
Q

___ ___ is the outer layer of a blood vessel.

A

Tunica Externa

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15
Q

How does the thickness of the tunica externa of an artery compare to that of a vein?

A

It is thicker in veins than in arteries

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16
Q

A backflow preventer in a vein is called a ___ and is located in the tunica ___.

A

Valve

Intima

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17
Q

The lumen of a vein often appears how when cut in cross section?

A

Collapsed

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18
Q

What is the thickest tunic in an artery?

A

Tunica media

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19
Q

What is the thickest tunic in a vein?

A

Tunica externa

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20
Q

Blood pressure is ___ in arteries than in veins.

A

Higher

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21
Q

The ___ ___ ___ is a network of veins that drain blood fr the gastrointestinal organs & shunt the blood to the liver.

A

Hepatic Portal system

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22
Q

The hepatic portal vein does what?

A

Delivers nutrient rich blood to the liver

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23
Q

What 3 veins make up the hepatic portal vein?

A

Inferior mesenteric
Splenic
Superior mesenteric

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24
Q

___ veins collect blood fr liver & return it to the inferior vena cava

A

Hepatic

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25
Q

The hepatic portal system begins in the ___ of the digestive sys & ends in the liver ___.

A

Capillaries

Sinusoids

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26
Q

Why is blood in the hepatic portal system different fr that in other systemic veins?

A

B/c it contains substances absorbed fr stomach & intestines

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27
Q

The ___ ___ ___ collects blood fr capillaries along the inferior portion of the lg intestine.

A

Inferior Mesenteric Vein

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28
Q

The ___ vein is formed by the union of the inferior mesenteric vein & veins of the spleen, lateral border of the stomach & the pancreas

A

Splenic

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29
Q

The ___ ___ ___ collects blood fr veins draining the stomach, sm intestine & 2/3 of lg intestine

A

Superior Mesenteric Vein

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30
Q

Most of the venous blood of the cranium drains through the ___ ___ ___.

A

Dural Venous Sinuses

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31
Q

Where are the dural venous sinuses located?

A

Between 2 layers of dura mater

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32
Q

Blood in the dural venous system can flow in more than one direction. Why?

A

B/c there are no valves

33
Q

___ arteries branch fr the subclavian arteries & travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.

A

Vertebral

34
Q

Vertebral arteries enter the cranium through the ___ ___ where they merge to form the ___ artery.

A

Foramen Magnum

Basilar

35
Q

The basilar artery & the internal carotid arteries give off several branches that creates an anastomosis of arteries just superior to the sella turcica called the ___ ___ ___.

A

Cerebral Arterial circle

36
Q

The cerebral arterial circle is also known as what?

A

Circle of Willis

37
Q

Internal carotid arteries enter the cranium through where?

A

Carotid canal

38
Q

Internal carotid arteries divide into anterior & middle cerebral arteries which supply what 2 structures?

A

The brain

Opthalmic Arteries going to the eyes

39
Q

L and R ___ ___ arteries supply most of the blood to the head and neck.

A

Common Carotid

40
Q

What are the 3 control mechanisms for precapillary sphincters?

A
  1. NS
  2. Hormones
  3. Paracrine factors (local control) ie: Nitric
    Oxide - Keeps sphincters open
41
Q

What is the effect of Nitric Oxide on precapillary sphincters?

A

It keeps them open

42
Q

Nitric oxide is a paracrine factor the keeps precapillary sphincters ____.

A

Open

43
Q

The internal carotid artery sends blood to the ___ where as the external carotid feeds blood to the ___.

A

Face

Brain

44
Q

The 2 vertebral arteries merge together to form the ___ ___.

A

Bassillar artery

45
Q

What is a anastomosis?

A

The joining of vessels together to prevent any type of blockage that could cause tissue damage

46
Q

What is an example of an anastomosis?

A

Circle of Willis

47
Q

What are 3 types of anastomoses?

A
  1. Venous
  2. Arterial
  3. Venous-arterial
48
Q

Why are arterial-venous anastomoses so bad?

A

B/c they may cause an aneurism due to high arterial pressure rupturing a vein

49
Q

Dural sinuses are located between what 2 layers of the dura mater?

A

Endosteal and meningeal layers

50
Q

The dural sinuses drain into where?

A

Internal jugular

51
Q

What drains into the internal jugular from the brain?

A

Deoxygenated blood

Old CSF

52
Q

What veins empty into the hepatic portal system?

A
  1. Gastric
  2. Splenic
  3. superior mesenteric
  4. Inferior mesenteric
  5. Cystic
53
Q

The liver sends blood out through the L & R hepatic veins into where?

A

Inferior vena cava

54
Q

How many umbilical arteries are there?

A

2

55
Q

Blood in a fetus does what with the liver?

A

It bypasses it by going thru the ductus spinosis

56
Q

In a fetus blood goes out of the R ventricle into the pulmonary trunk and directly into the aorta, bypassing the lungs, through a duct called the __ __.

A

Ductus arteriosus

57
Q

In fetal circulation, blood can go directly fr the R atrium to the L atrium through what passageway?

A

Foramen ovale

58
Q

When fetal blood passes thru the foramen ovale into the L atrium where does it go fr there?

A

L ventricle and into the Aorta

59
Q

What are the 2 ways blood bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation?

A
  1. By passing thru the Ductus arteriosus

2. By passing thru the foramen ovale

60
Q

What passageway does blood fetal blood go thru in order to bypass the liver?

A

Ductus Spinosus

61
Q

Fr the aorta blood goes into the ___ ___ arteries which branch into the ___ ___ to return to the mother in fetal circulation.

A

Internal iliac arteries

Umbilical arteries

62
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of cardiac cells?

A

-90mV

63
Q

What is the plateau indicative of in a cardiac action potential?

A

K is going out and Ca is coming in at the same time

64
Q

What happens during the rapid depolarization phase of an action potential?

A

Sodium rushes in thru fast sodium channels

65
Q

During the plateau phase of an action potential what happens?

A

Voltage gated calcium channels open and Calcium ions move in

66
Q

During the repolarization phase of an action potential what happens to potassium?

A

Slow potassium channels open and potassium rushes out of the cell

67
Q

What makes the action potential of cardiac muscle cells different fr skeletal muscles?

A

The presence of the plateau period

68
Q

A membrane will not respond normally to a 2nd stimulus for some time aft an action potential begins. This time period is known as what?

A

Refractory period

69
Q

If the membrane of cardiac muscle cells in the SA node become permeable to K ions what will happen to HR?

A

It will decrease

70
Q

If the connection between the SA node and the AV node becomes blocked what will happen to ventricular rate?

A

The ventricles will beat more slowly

71
Q

What effect will a blockage between the AV node and the AV bundle have on an EKG?

A

There will be more P waves that QRS complexes

72
Q

Compared to arteries, veins have a (thicker/thinner) tunica advantitia?

A

Thicker

73
Q

T or F: Contraction relaxation pumping of smooth muscle in the walls of veins helps to move blood forward.

A

F - There is no smooth muscle in a vein

74
Q

At the carotid sinus, what does the common carotid form?

A

An internal and external branch

75
Q

The superior sagittal sinus collects blood from where?

A

The brain

76
Q

Nutrients from the digestive tract enter where?

A

Hepatic portal vein

77
Q

Blood is drained fr the liver into the inferior vena cava by the ___.

A

Hepatic Vein

78
Q

The blood vessel that carries blood to the fetus fr the placenta is the ___ ___.

A

Umbilical vein

79
Q

Abnormally slow conduction through the ventricles would change the shape of what on an EKG?

A

QRS complex

BI 212 (7 decks)

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