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CSD 230 > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

cochlear implants are similar to what type of hearing aids?

A

BTE (behind the ears) ex: microphone

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2
Q

what do cochlear implants aid in at worst?

A

speechreading

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3
Q

what do cochlear implants aid in at best?

A

can hear and understand speech even with profound hearing loss

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4
Q

what does the electrode do in cochlear implants?

A

stimulate the auditory nerve directly with electric current, bypassing the damaged cochlear structures

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5
Q

what are ideal candidates?

A

those who have acquired profound hearing loss after acquiring language skills

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6
Q

cochlear implants can also be implanted in what age group of deaf children?

A

1-3 years and some as young as 3-12 months

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7
Q

body aids are…

A

seldom used now

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8
Q

BTE are …

A

behind the ear. popular now

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9
Q

ITE are …

A

in the ear. most popular previously

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10
Q

ITC are …

A

in the canal. smaller than the ITE

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11
Q

CIC are…

A

completely in the canal. smallest and most cosmetically appealing

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12
Q

BAHA are…

A

bone anchored hearing aid. used with deformed outer ear, chronic ear infections and SSD

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13
Q

what is SSD

A

single sided deafness

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14
Q

when are hearing aids most beneficial?

A

with moderate hearing loss between 40-85 dB HL

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15
Q

what are the general guidelines for fitting aids?

A

they are based on the PTA of the better ear

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16
Q

are there exceptions to the “general fitting guidelines?

A

yes based on the LIFESTYLE and needs of the client

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17
Q

what is the purpose of a well fitting hearing aid

A

to make sounds AUDIBLE, without causing from sounds that are too LOUD

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18
Q

what do well fitting hearing aids do?

A

amplifies the sounds that are important for hearing and understanding SPEECH, which reducing the background sounds that can mask SPEECH

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19
Q

what do noise reduction and directional microphones do?

A

allow the speech signal to “pop out” from the background noise

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20
Q

define gain

A

the amount of amplification provided by the hearing aid

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21
Q

what do well fitting hearing aids provide?

A

GAIN at the frequencies where the client shows the MOST amount of hearing loss

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22
Q

define gain

A

the difference in dB between the input level and output level at particular frequencies ex: 40 input and 60 output equal a 20 dB gain

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23
Q

define OSPL

A

the maximum output level of the hearing aid

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24
Q

what does OSPL stand for?

A

output sound pressure level

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25
Q

define LDL

A

the level at which sound is uncomfortably loud

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26
Q

what does LDL stand for?

A

loudness discomfort level

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27
Q

what is the rule between OSPL and LDL?

A

the OSPL should not exceed the LDL

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28
Q

what happens when the OSPL exceeds the LDL?

A

the sound is uncomfortably lid and may even cause pain

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29
Q

what do the analog aids do?

A

amplifies all sounds equally

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30
Q

what do the digital aids do?

A

uses DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING to recognize steady state background noise and REDUCE it while continuing to AMPLIFY the variable speech signal

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31
Q

how do you reduce FEEDBACK (whistling) with analog aids?

A

you need to reduce overall GAIN (amplification) of the aid which limits the amount of usable hearing for the client

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32
Q

what are 180 degree phase cancellation?

A

digital aids which allow them to reduce feedback without reducing GAIN

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33
Q

what is the great improvement digital technology has over analog?

A

digital aids can reduce acoustic feedback and reduce background noise without reducing the GAIN (amplification) of the SPEECH signal

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34
Q

what does WDRC stand for?

A

wide dynamic range compression

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35
Q

what is WDRC?

A

a technique used to DECREASE or limit the wide range of sounds in the everyday world to match more closely the limited DYNAMIC range of listeners with hearing loss

36
Q

compression circuits are what?

A

non linear

37
Q

describe the 1:1 ratio vs 2:1 ratio

A

it is the set point. the output increases 1 dB for ever 2 dB of input

38
Q

what does a microphone do?

A

converts an acoustic signal into an electric signal

39
Q

what does a receiver do?

A

converts an amplified electrical signal back into an acoustic sound (sound wave)

40
Q

what 3 things does a hearing aid have?

A

a microphone, amplifier and receiver (loudspeaker)

41
Q

a hearing aid is known as a miniature what?

A

PA system

42
Q

what is the range of most hearing aids?

A

250-5,000 Hz range

43
Q

what are the consequences of fitting only one ear with a hearing aid

A

auditory deprivation effect

44
Q

what is the auditory deprivation effect?

A

results in a decrease in auditory function of the unaided ear

45
Q

what percentage of hearing aids selected for children are BTE fittings?

A

75%

46
Q

define binaural fittings

A

both ears

47
Q

hearing aids give what to sound?

A

better localization and better balanced hearing

48
Q

define binaural summation?

A

can get away with less gain b/c you’re getting sound from both ears

49
Q

what is the hearing aid effect?

A

a stigma associated with wearing a hearing aid

50
Q

when should counseling be central focus with hearing loss?

A

with adults

51
Q

8 factors of hearing aids to consider

A

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS, MOTIVATION for seeking assistance, ACCEPTANCE, COSMETIC concerns, COMMUNICATION problems in social settings, ENCOURAGEMENT from spouse and DEXTERITY of the older adult

52
Q

why is the habilitation of children with congenital hearing loss necessary?

A

because they need to be aided in language acquisition and appropriate use of language

53
Q

why is rehabilitation of adults necessary?

A

to improve their speech-comprehension and speech-production ability

54
Q

what does ALDs stand for?

A

assistive listening devices

55
Q

examples of personal ALDs

A

TV ears, telephone amplifier, and personal FM systems

56
Q

examples of non-auditory ALDS

A

strobe lights for alarm or shake awake for alarm

57
Q

when are ALDs used?

A

people with severe hearing loss use them in addition to a hearing aid and people with mild losses use them instead of a hearing aid

58
Q

the FM ALDs in the classroom use what?

A

use radio waves to transmit the speech signal from teacher to receiver

59
Q

the fared ALDs in the classroom use what?

A

use invisible light waves to transmit the signal

60
Q

direct audio input (DAI) is used for what?

A

coupling sound system to the child’s personal hearing aid

61
Q

what does a +5 SNR mean?

A

speech to noise ratio (SNR) means that the teacher’s voice is 5 dB louder than the background noise

62
Q

who adverted the most popular method for teaching speech to the hearing impaired children

A

Daniel Ling

63
Q

what does Daniel Ling’s method focus on?

A

using the child’s RESIDUAL HEARING to monitor their own speech production as well as to understand the speech of others

64
Q

what are the 3 components of language

A

form, content and use

65
Q

what does “form” include?

A

elements of language and the rules for combing them - phonology, SYNTAX, morphology

66
Q

what does “content” include?

A

semantics – meaning of words and phrases

67
Q

what does “use” include?

A

pragmatics – using language to communicate effectively

68
Q

what are the two primary training aspects of aural rehabilitation for adults?

A

speech reading and auditory training

69
Q

define speech reading

A

using vision as a supplement to audition when communicating

70
Q

define auditory training

A

training the person with hearing loss to use this hearing as well as possible. this is an organized, sequential approach to developing listing skills

71
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed when by who?

A

in 1990 by George HW Bush after being proposed by President Reagan

72
Q

why was the ADA passed?

A

to prevent discrimination against handicapped individuals, especially with regards to EMPLOYMENT

73
Q

when was the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) made?

A

2004

74
Q

defined hearing loss

A

a child with any degree of hearing loss LAG behind normal hearing children in educational achievement

75
Q

there is an association between the severity of hearing loss and what?

A

the degree of educational delay

76
Q

many children with hearing loss display what as well?

A

behavioral problems

77
Q

the critical period for language development occurs when?

A

the first 3 years of life

78
Q

what 3 speech production errors are common in children with hearing loss?

A

omission and SUBSTITUTION errors, errors in TIMING and poor control of the FUNDAMENTAL frequency

79
Q

why are daily hearing aid checks necessary

A

bc studies have found that as many as 50% of hearing aids are not working properly on school students

80
Q

early persistent otitis median and minimal sensorineural hearing loss have been associated with what 6 things?

A

learning disabilities, LOWER academic test scores, BEHAVIOR problems, ATTENTION problems, speech delays and LANGUAGE delays

81
Q

what does “hard of hearing” and “partially hearing” implies in a person?

A

that the person is using a hearing ardor cochlear implant and has sufficient RESIDUAL HEARING to enable successful processing of linguistic info by way of AUDITION

82
Q

what does “dead” denotes what?

A

a person whose disability precludes successful processing of linguistic info through AUDITION with or without a hearing aid or COCHLEAR IMPLANT

83
Q

auditory-oral (verbal) or oral-aural communication used what of the child’s?

A

their existing RESIDUAL HEARING to develop communication and does not permit the use of SIGN LANGUAGE

84
Q

what does manual communication consist of?

A

it used signs and fingerspelling to develop COMMUNICATION SKILLS

85
Q

total communication emphasizes receiving and expressing info by all possible means of what 3 things?

A

amplification, vision and fingerspelling

86
Q

what does “amplification” mean?

A

using the child’s residual hearing

CSD 230 (3 decks)

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