Quiz 4 Flashcards
cochlear implants are similar to what type of hearing aids?
BTE (behind the ears) ex: microphone
what do cochlear implants aid in at worst?
speechreading
what do cochlear implants aid in at best?
can hear and understand speech even with profound hearing loss
what does the electrode do in cochlear implants?
stimulate the auditory nerve directly with electric current, bypassing the damaged cochlear structures
what are ideal candidates?
those who have acquired profound hearing loss after acquiring language skills
cochlear implants can also be implanted in what age group of deaf children?
1-3 years and some as young as 3-12 months
body aids are…
seldom used now
BTE are …
behind the ear. popular now
ITE are …
in the ear. most popular previously
ITC are …
in the canal. smaller than the ITE
CIC are…
completely in the canal. smallest and most cosmetically appealing
BAHA are…
bone anchored hearing aid. used with deformed outer ear, chronic ear infections and SSD
what is SSD
single sided deafness
when are hearing aids most beneficial?
with moderate hearing loss between 40-85 dB HL
what are the general guidelines for fitting aids?
they are based on the PTA of the better ear
are there exceptions to the “general fitting guidelines?
yes based on the LIFESTYLE and needs of the client
what is the purpose of a well fitting hearing aid
to make sounds AUDIBLE, without causing from sounds that are too LOUD
what do well fitting hearing aids do?
amplifies the sounds that are important for hearing and understanding SPEECH, which reducing the background sounds that can mask SPEECH
what do noise reduction and directional microphones do?
allow the speech signal to “pop out” from the background noise
define gain
the amount of amplification provided by the hearing aid
what do well fitting hearing aids provide?
GAIN at the frequencies where the client shows the MOST amount of hearing loss
define gain
the difference in dB between the input level and output level at particular frequencies ex: 40 input and 60 output equal a 20 dB gain
define OSPL
the maximum output level of the hearing aid
what does OSPL stand for?
output sound pressure level
define LDL
the level at which sound is uncomfortably loud
what does LDL stand for?
loudness discomfort level
what is the rule between OSPL and LDL?
the OSPL should not exceed the LDL
what happens when the OSPL exceeds the LDL?
the sound is uncomfortably lid and may even cause pain
what do the analog aids do?
amplifies all sounds equally
what do the digital aids do?
uses DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING to recognize steady state background noise and REDUCE it while continuing to AMPLIFY the variable speech signal
how do you reduce FEEDBACK (whistling) with analog aids?
you need to reduce overall GAIN (amplification) of the aid which limits the amount of usable hearing for the client
what are 180 degree phase cancellation?
digital aids which allow them to reduce feedback without reducing GAIN
what is the great improvement digital technology has over analog?
digital aids can reduce acoustic feedback and reduce background noise without reducing the GAIN (amplification) of the SPEECH signal
what does WDRC stand for?
wide dynamic range compression
what is WDRC?
a technique used to DECREASE or limit the wide range of sounds in the everyday world to match more closely the limited DYNAMIC range of listeners with hearing loss
compression circuits are what?
non linear
describe the 1:1 ratio vs 2:1 ratio
it is the set point. the output increases 1 dB for ever 2 dB of input
what does a microphone do?
converts an acoustic signal into an electric signal
what does a receiver do?
converts an amplified electrical signal back into an acoustic sound (sound wave)
what 3 things does a hearing aid have?
a microphone, amplifier and receiver (loudspeaker)
a hearing aid is known as a miniature what?
PA system
what is the range of most hearing aids?
250-5,000 Hz range
what are the consequences of fitting only one ear with a hearing aid
auditory deprivation effect
what is the auditory deprivation effect?
results in a decrease in auditory function of the unaided ear
what percentage of hearing aids selected for children are BTE fittings?
75%
define binaural fittings
both ears
hearing aids give what to sound?
better localization and better balanced hearing
define binaural summation?
can get away with less gain b/c you’re getting sound from both ears
what is the hearing aid effect?
a stigma associated with wearing a hearing aid
when should counseling be central focus with hearing loss?
with adults
8 factors of hearing aids to consider
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS, MOTIVATION for seeking assistance, ACCEPTANCE, COSMETIC concerns, COMMUNICATION problems in social settings, ENCOURAGEMENT from spouse and DEXTERITY of the older adult
why is the habilitation of children with congenital hearing loss necessary?
because they need to be aided in language acquisition and appropriate use of language
why is rehabilitation of adults necessary?
to improve their speech-comprehension and speech-production ability
what does ALDs stand for?
assistive listening devices
examples of personal ALDs
TV ears, telephone amplifier, and personal FM systems
examples of non-auditory ALDS
strobe lights for alarm or shake awake for alarm
when are ALDs used?
people with severe hearing loss use them in addition to a hearing aid and people with mild losses use them instead of a hearing aid
the FM ALDs in the classroom use what?
use radio waves to transmit the speech signal from teacher to receiver
the fared ALDs in the classroom use what?
use invisible light waves to transmit the signal
direct audio input (DAI) is used for what?
coupling sound system to the child’s personal hearing aid
what does a +5 SNR mean?
speech to noise ratio (SNR) means that the teacher’s voice is 5 dB louder than the background noise
who adverted the most popular method for teaching speech to the hearing impaired children
Daniel Ling
what does Daniel Ling’s method focus on?
using the child’s RESIDUAL HEARING to monitor their own speech production as well as to understand the speech of others
what are the 3 components of language
form, content and use
what does “form” include?
elements of language and the rules for combing them - phonology, SYNTAX, morphology
what does “content” include?
semantics – meaning of words and phrases
what does “use” include?
pragmatics – using language to communicate effectively
what are the two primary training aspects of aural rehabilitation for adults?
speech reading and auditory training
define speech reading
using vision as a supplement to audition when communicating
define auditory training
training the person with hearing loss to use this hearing as well as possible. this is an organized, sequential approach to developing listing skills
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed when by who?
in 1990 by George HW Bush after being proposed by President Reagan
why was the ADA passed?
to prevent discrimination against handicapped individuals, especially with regards to EMPLOYMENT
when was the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) made?
2004
defined hearing loss
a child with any degree of hearing loss LAG behind normal hearing children in educational achievement
there is an association between the severity of hearing loss and what?
the degree of educational delay
many children with hearing loss display what as well?
behavioral problems
the critical period for language development occurs when?
the first 3 years of life
what 3 speech production errors are common in children with hearing loss?
omission and SUBSTITUTION errors, errors in TIMING and poor control of the FUNDAMENTAL frequency
why are daily hearing aid checks necessary
bc studies have found that as many as 50% of hearing aids are not working properly on school students
early persistent otitis median and minimal sensorineural hearing loss have been associated with what 6 things?
learning disabilities, LOWER academic test scores, BEHAVIOR problems, ATTENTION problems, speech delays and LANGUAGE delays
what does “hard of hearing” and “partially hearing” implies in a person?
that the person is using a hearing ardor cochlear implant and has sufficient RESIDUAL HEARING to enable successful processing of linguistic info by way of AUDITION
what does “dead” denotes what?
a person whose disability precludes successful processing of linguistic info through AUDITION with or without a hearing aid or COCHLEAR IMPLANT
auditory-oral (verbal) or oral-aural communication used what of the child’s?
their existing RESIDUAL HEARING to develop communication and does not permit the use of SIGN LANGUAGE
what does manual communication consist of?
it used signs and fingerspelling to develop COMMUNICATION SKILLS
total communication emphasizes receiving and expressing info by all possible means of what 3 things?
amplification, vision and fingerspelling
what does “amplification” mean?
using the child’s residual hearing
