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CSD 230 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

hearing thresholds are the same by air and bone conduction

A

normal or sensorineural loss

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2
Q

hearing thresholds by bone conduction are normal but air conduction thresholds shoe hearing loss

A

conductive loss

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3
Q

hearing thresholds show loss by both air and bone conduction thresholds. but bone conduction thresholds are better than air conduction thresholds

A

mixed loss

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4
Q

hearing thresholds show hearing loss for both air and bone conduction thresholds. hearing loss is the same for both air and bone conduction thresholds

A

sensorineural loss

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5
Q

hearing thresholds are better for bone conduction than air conduction

A

conductive or mixed loss

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6
Q

hearing thresholds are within normal limits and are the same by both air conduction and bone conduction

A

normal hearing

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7
Q

why is masking used?

A

it is used to eliminate the NON-TEST ear form participation in the measurement of hearing thresholds in the TEST ear

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8
Q

what kind of testing is masking used for?

A

both air and bone conduction testing

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9
Q

what kind of masking band is used to mask noise and why?

A

narrow band because it is more comfortable

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10
Q

what type of masking band is louder and more uncomfortable?

A

broad band “white” noise

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11
Q

how is hearing tested in infants and young children?

A

look for BEHAVIORAL response to sounds ex: eyes widening, arousal from sleep, cessation of activity, and HEAD TURN

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12
Q

how is hearing tested in 2-5 year olds?

A

from CONDITIONED responses through PLAY, head turn, raised hand (CONVENTIONAL AUDIOMETRY) and/or speech results

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13
Q

part of the tympanometer that introduces tones into the ear canal

A

pure tone generator (loudspeaker)

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14
Q

part of the tympanometer that changes the air pressure in the ear canal

A

air pump

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15
Q

part of the tympanometer that measures the pressure change

A

manometer

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16
Q

part of the tympanometer that measures the amount of sound that is reflected back from the tympanic membrane in response to air pressure changes

A

measure device (microphone)

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17
Q

what does a tympanogram measure?

A

the MOBILITY of the tympanic membrane and air pressure in the middle ear from +200 daps to -400 daPa

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18
Q

tympanograms that peak at less than or equal to -150 suggest malfunction of what part of the ear?

A

the middle ear pressure equalizing system (eustachian tube)

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19
Q

what do tympanograms measure?

A

immittance (general term for impedance or admittance) of the TM

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20
Q

what are pure tone hearing thresholds?

A

the LOWEST level at which the client responds correctly 50% of the time

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21
Q

PTA and SRT should be what?

A

equal

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22
Q

what are speech recognition thresholds? (SRTS)

A

the LOWEST level at which the client can correctly repeat the words 50% of the time

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23
Q

what are spondaic words used for?

A

to measure the SRTs. 2 syllable words are used (ex: football, playground)

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24
Q

what is the standard STARTING LEVEL for pure tone audiometry?

A

30 dB HL

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25
Q

what is the standard procedure for finding threshold?

A

Down 10dB UP in steps of 5 dB

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26
Q

what do we use when testing for air conduction?

A

headphones

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27
Q

what do we use when testing for bone conduction?

A

bone conduction vibrator

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28
Q

what are the ABR primary waveforms?

A

I, II, III, IV and V

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29
Q

what is an ABR?

A

auditory brainstem response

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30
Q

what is ABR testing used for?

A

to predict hearing SENSITIVITY in young infants, or in children or adults who are DIFFICULT to test

31
Q

what is the primary waveform used for ABR testing?

A

Wave V

32
Q

what does wave V do?

A

arises from the inferior colliculus

33
Q

in ABR testing, wave I does what?

A

arises from the COCHLEAR portion of the auditory nerve before it enters the brainstem

34
Q

in ABR testing, wave II does what?

A

it is generated by the BRAINSTEM segment of the auditory nerve and the cochlear nucleus

35
Q

in ABR testing, wave III does what?

A

arises mostly from the SUPERIOR OLIVARY COMPLEX

36
Q

in ABR testing, wave IV does what?

A

originated from ascending fibers in the LATERAL LEMMINISCUS just below the inferior colliculus

37
Q

in ABR testing, wave V does what?

A

arises from the INFERIOR COLLICULUS

38
Q

what is the most common clinical application of OAEs?

A

universal screening of newborn hearing

39
Q

what are phonetically balanced (PB) word lists used for?

A

speech testing for supra threshold speech recognition

40
Q

phonetic composition of all lists are what?

A

equivalent and are representative of everyday ENGLISH speech. single syllable

41
Q

in closed set lists (multiple choice) the phonetically balanced choices will vary by what?

A

only one speech sound ex: rain-pain, him-hit

42
Q

a 10 dB air-bone gap at 2 or more frequencies indicates what?

A

a conductive loss, even if hearing thresholds are in the NORMAL range and requires a MEDICAL referral

43
Q

standard audiometric test battery tests what 3 things?

A

pure tone air and bone conduction testing, speech audiometry, and imminence testing (tympanometry)

44
Q

what measuring auditory function what is essential?

A

test battery approach because it shows the best information

45
Q

what is auditory processing disorder? (APD)

A

the dysfunction in the auditory portions of the CNS

46
Q

who coordinates and supervises hearing screening programs?

A

professionals trained in audiology

47
Q

who are the personnel designated to conduct the screening tests in speech and hearing, and even volunteers and and secretaries

A

nurses, audiologists, speech-language pathologists and graduate students

48
Q

what are the two tests most commonly used in the USA?

A

otoacoustic emission (OAEs) and auditory brainstem response (ABRs)

49
Q

why do we screen newborns for hearing loss?

A

children who receive EARLY INTERVENTION from the age of 3 years or younger show significantly better SPEECH AND LANGUAGE outcomes later in life

50
Q

ASHA recommendations for screening for middle ear disease include:

A

case history, visual inspection of ear canal and eardrum, and tympanometry with a low frequency probe tone

51
Q

ASHA guidelines for school age children include screening annually from when?

A

preschool through grade 3 and then in year intervals (except for 3-4 year individuals)

52
Q

ASHA guidelines for school age children include testing where?

A

in a quiet room

53
Q

ASHA guidelines for school age children include testing at what levels?

A

20 dB HL at 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz

54
Q

ASHA guidelines for school age children include doing what to failures?

A

rescreening

55
Q

at risk school age children require what?

A

more attention than routine hearing screening

56
Q

who are considered at risk school children?

A

children with delayed or defective speech, having academic difficulties, suddenly being failing academically, or with frequent cold and ear infections

57
Q

screening is a common healthcare practice that contributes _____.

A

to the high cost of health care in the US

58
Q

define reliability

A

consistent results. if you retest the same person, you get the same results

59
Q

define validity

A

measuring what we think we are measuring

60
Q

a test must have high of what two things?

A

sensitivity and specificy

61
Q

validity and reliability ___

A

do not go hand in hand. a test may be reliable but not valid and vice-versa

62
Q

prevalence of a disorder is what?

A

how frequently a disorder occurs in a population. 100 x (A+C/A+B+C+D)

63
Q

what is the relationship between sensitivity and specificity of a test and prevalence of a disorder

A

sensitivity and specificity of a test are NOT affected by the prevalence of a disorder

64
Q

define sensitivity

A

identifying the abnormal; those with the disorder; TRUE POSITIVES (group A); has hearing loss and failed the screening. 100 x A/A+C

65
Q

define specificity

A

identifying the normal; those without the disorder; TRUE NEGATIVES (group D); has normal hearing and passed the screening. 100 x D/B+D

66
Q

Group B are what?

A

false POSITIVES; has normal hearing but failed the screening

67
Q

Group C are what?

A

false NEGATIVE; has hearing loss but passed the screening

68
Q

an acceptable screening test for a disorder should be what 5 things?

A

reliable, valid, cost effective, easy to administer and safe

69
Q

screening is of little value is what?

A

if follow-up is not provided for children who FAIL the screening

70
Q

children who fail the screening need what?

A

comprehensive audio logic evaluation as soon as possible, parent counseling and referral to educational services for planning and placement

71
Q

there is no national program for screening of adults other than what?

A

the military

72
Q

what increased with age?

A

the prevalence of hearing loss – but there is no screening programs for the elderly in the US

73
Q

how many people over the age of 12 in the US have significant hearing loss?

A

1 in 5, which is about 48 million people

CSD 230 (3 decks)

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