Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSD 230 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

OAE?

A

Otoacoustic Emissions or cochlear echoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First type of OAE’s measured in humans?

A

TEOAEs or transient evoked otoacoustic emissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who measured the TEOAE’s?

A

David Kemp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Actions potentials are …

A

“ALL OR NONE” = 100% response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Characteristic Frequency

A

frequency requiring LEAST amount of stimulus INTENSITY to provide a response from the nerve fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Afferent pathways of the CNS are…

A

ASCENDING pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Efferent pathways of the CNS are…

A

DESCENDING pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ratio of nerve fibers in the afferent pathway to efferent pathway is…

A

100 nerve fibers to 2 nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) include:

A

recorded RELIABLY, ESTIMATE hearing, assists in detection of problems in the path of the auditory CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define threshold

A

lowest level at which sound can be detected 50% of the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal hearing person’s best (lowest) thresholds are in what range?

A

2,000 to 4,000 Hz range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the range of audibility

A

20 - 20,000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define masking

A

ability of one acoustic single to OBSURE the presence of another signal so it cannot be DETECTED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define binaural processing

A

one of the key functions of the CNS. it allows us to combine/INTEGRATE the neural info from BOTH ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

binaural processing is necessary for…

A

LOCALIZATION of sound & the ability to HEAR in noisy situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

genetic transmission of hearing loss is due to what 3 things:

A

AUTOSOMAL dominant inheritance (non-sex linked) , AUTOSOMAL recessive inheritance and SEX linked inheritance (X-linked)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hereditary factors make up what percentage of all auditory disorders?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define endogenous

A

a trait or disorder that arises from the individual’s GENES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define exogenous

A

a trait of disorder that is NOT attributable to GENETIC causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define congenital

A

a trait or disorder that is present at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

congenital hearing loss may or may not be what?

A

hereditary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5 causes of outer ear disorders:

A

deformity of the PINNA, COLLAPSED canals, CERUMEN/foreign bodies, external OTITIS, or cysts and TUMORS ((PCCOT))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

define otosclerosis

A

common cause of hearing loss for people in their 20, 30 and 40’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is otosclerosis caused by?

A

buildup of SPONGY BONE that immobilizes the STAPES FOOTPLATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

in what two ways can otosclerosis be treated?

A

STAPEDECTOMY (surgery) or a HEARING AID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

define cholesteotoma

A

growth of skin and debris associated with perforation of eardrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

define facial paralysis

A

facial nerve crosses through the middle ear

28
Q

define perforation of the tympanic membrane

A

hole in the eardrum

29
Q

define tympanosclerosis

A

plaque that forms on eardrum and ossicles causing stiffening

30
Q

define adhesive otitis media

A

glue ear

31
Q

what percentage of children have otitis media?

A

75-95% will have at least one episode by the age of 6 years

32
Q

what is the most common disease of childhood?

A

otitis media

33
Q

with who and when does otitis media occur more often?

A

in males and in the winter & spring

34
Q

what 2 ways alleviate otitis media?

A

antibiotics and surgery (MYRINGOTOMY & ADENOIDECTOMY)

35
Q

5 risk factors for hearing loss among newborns:

A

in utero infections (STORCH- syphillis, toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex), low birthweight, family history of hearing loss, evidence of a syndrome and craniofacial abnormalities

36
Q

what is a common cause for unilateral hearing loss that occurs after birth (post-natally)?

A

mumps

37
Q

what is a common cause for bilateral hearing loss that occurs after birth?

A

measles

38
Q

what is retrocochlear pathology?

A

damage to the nerve fibers along the ASCENDING auditory pathways from the internal auditory MEATUS to the CORTEX

39
Q

what causes retrocochlear pathology?

A

due to a TUMOR, MS or cerebral vascular attack (CVA)

40
Q

define presbycusis

A

hearing loss associated with aging, HIGH frequency, sensorineural hearing loss, progression is usually more pronounced in men that in women

41
Q

Noise Induced hearing loss (NIHL) is characterized by what 3 things?

A

audiogram with a 4K NOTCH configuration, a permanent SENSORINEURAL hearing loss in the HIGH frequencies and near normal hearing in the LOW frequencies, and distraction of OUTER hair cells in the cochlea in the BASE with little or no inter ear damage near the APEX

42
Q

ototoxic drugs cause what?

A

usually cause high frequency hearing loss

43
Q

what are the 2 primary components of the outer ear?

A

the pinna and the external ear canal

44
Q

what does the concha do?

A

serves to collect and direct sound to the external auditory meatus

45
Q

what is the auricle?

A

the pinna

46
Q

what is the external auditory meatus?

A

opening to ear canal

47
Q

what 2 structures of the outer ear are responsible for resonance?

A

the concha and the ear canal

48
Q

what divides the outer and middle ears?

A

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

49
Q

what is the eustachian tube?

A

connect the NASOPHARYNC to the middle ear, it is usually closed except when YAWNING or SWALLOWING

50
Q

what does the eustchian tube do?

A

allows FLUID to drain from the middle ear and allow us to EQUALIZE to equalize pressure in the middle of the year (ear pops when going up in a plane or up the mountain)

51
Q

what does the helicotrema do?

A

filled with perilymph fluid and connects the scala tympani and the scale vestibuli

52
Q

what separates the scala tympani and the scala vestibule?

A

the scala media which is filled with endolymph flud

53
Q

what is the organ of corti?

A

the sensory organ of hearing in the scala media

54
Q

where is the organ of corgi?

A

basilar membrane in the cochlea

55
Q

what is the order of ossicles?

A

malleus, incus and stapes ((HAS) (MIS))

56
Q

what are the 4 functions of the outer ear?

A

distinguish ELEVATION of sound, distinguish if sound is in FRONT, protects from FOREIGN bodies

57
Q

how much does the concha enhance?

A

5000 hz

58
Q

how much does the external auditory canal enhance? (ear canal)

A

2500 hz

59
Q

what kind of frequencies are amplified by the outer ear?

A

high frequencies for conversational speech

60
Q

where do sound vibrations travel?

A

through the ossicles, to the footplate of the stapes in the oval window, inner ear

61
Q

loss of sound going from air to fluid through which 2 primer mechanisms?

A

areal ratio and lever system

62
Q

when the ear is stimulated by sound….

A

the oval window moves in, and the round window is moved out

63
Q

when the ear is stimulated by fluid….

A

the round window is moved out, and the oval window is pushed in by the stapes footplate

64
Q

how are the nerve cels arranged?

A

tonotopically

65
Q

the base of the cochlea contains what frequencies?

A

high

66
Q

the apex of the cochlea contains what frequencies?

A

low

CSD 230 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions