Quiz #4 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Recognize 7 content areas in queer music studies
A variety of approaches
Types of music associated with the queer community
Queer versions/ presentations
Queer voices
Queer lives
Queer histories
Cross-cultural
In sociology, what is the difference between “gay” and “queer”
“gay” affirms a specific sexual identity. Queer theory rejects any single sexual identity. Any specific construction entails the silencing or elusion of some experiences or forms of life. Identity is open and constable with regard to meaning and political role.
What is sociology’s take on sexual orientation (slides 15-17) including the Thomas Theorem (slide 17)
Perk Kinsey, a Wide range of sexual behaviors and attractions occur naturally: it’s not a limited number of categories (LGBT, etc) sexual identities are constructed, “not essential.”
Per W.I. Thomas, if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. Even if sexualities are “constructed,” they can be the source of discrimination, cultures can be built around them, etc.
What is Keith Negus’ “yes or no” answer to the question, “is disco music essentially gay?” (slide 20)
Rock & masculinity, disco & gay, jazz & straight, country western & conservative NOT essential identities.
The complex ways in which production and consumption connect. The connections are constructed, not based on the music’s performer’s identity.
What is Vince Yi’s theory about the fact that most countertenors are gay? (slide 21)
There are some situations where accepting own gayness makes it possible to accept the gender-bending nature of the occupation. And, there’s the self-selection/safety hypothesis (queer people will choose musical sectors that they know are already safe for queer people).
What is the key difference between Marx and Gramsci in their approach to class? (slide 8)
Marx is very STRUCTURAL- examines how society is based on economic arrangements.
Gramsci adds a CULTURAL element, examines how the economic/political structure is perpetuated by ideas.
Know Eriksen’s further explanation of Gramsci’s thought in slides 12,14, and 21
Upper economic class dominance is maintained in part through “ideology” and “culture” (the world of ideas).
Ideology: our subjective understanding of our relationship to the world.
Culture is a group’s way of life: meanings, values, use of material goods, which expresses its ideology.
Within what appears to be a unified national culture there is actually a division between the capitalist and working class. The capitalist class and the working clas have their own ideologies and cultures. The capitalist class ideology/culture tends to control the working class ideology/culture. (The working class largely buys into the assumption of the Capitalist class’s culture.)
A physical rebellion against capitalism is no longer possible. Rebellion, the reduction or overthrow of capitalist class hegemony, will occur through a compilation of ideas and cultural expressions that contradict Capitalist ideas. (then a political confrontation). Music is a powerful vehicle for the rebellion of working youth against oppression.
What does Eriksen say is the relationship between “cultural expression” (such as music) and the ideologies of their society/culture?
A cultural expression (song, painting, etc.) can EXPRESS the culture’s ideology; it can also CRITIQUE it. Therefore, a “culture expression” can reinforce its culture and ideology or it can revolt against and change the status quo or some of both at the same time.
Capital class and the working class have their own ideologies and cultures. The capital class ideology/ culture tends to control the working class ideology/culture. The working class largely buys into the assumptions of the Capitalist class’s culture)
Why does Eriksen see punk music as subcultural in England but counter-cultural in the US? Including the Thomas Theorem
Within the working class, there are subcultures: bonded groups who share the same general ideology and culture, but who are bound together by some differences in the way they relate to their world: e.g., women, ethnic/racial, minorities, youth. Within the capitalist class, there are countercultures, more a movement of individuals exploring alternatives within capitalist class existence.
What is a social movement (slide 3), and which of Aberle’s social movement types do we most often study?
Social movements - is an organized social group that acts with continuity and coordination to promote or resist change in society or other social units.
Types of social movements:
Alternative- change one behavior; AA
Redemptive- personal transformation
movements- hippie, new age, religions
Reform- social change movements- environmental, civil rights movements
Revolutionary- completely change society- reactionary movements, e,g. Aryan Nation
Know the names of two pioneering social movements theorists that were articulated by U/M theorists, as well as the names of those theorists (slide 8-9).
Resource Mobilization Theory (Mayer Zald)
New social movement theory (William Gamson)
What are 6 ways in which music and social movements can be intertwined (bold print in slides 20,24, and 29
Military marches
National anthems
Affirmation songs
Protest songs
Censorship of songs
Know: “culturalization”, Know what subcultural group.Know what subcultural group is currently using music as part of this approach, and which sociologist originally proposed the idea-
Know: “culturalization” and the process of changing a society’s culture/ideas so that the society will subsequently accept dramatic political change.
Far right music (GRAMSCI: change culture first, then political revolution). International clique (includes hitler and tucker carlson)
Presentation: Music and sports
three functions of music in sports: a social cohesion (durkheim, slide 3 activating associations (DeNora, slide 7), and choreographing feelings (DeNora, slide 10)
Presentation: The grammy as an institution
Know: two ways in which the Academy has demonstrated racial bias: (a) “snubbing” Black artist for top awards (slides 6,16) and (b) segregating the music of Black artists into a limited number of genre categories (slides 14, 20)
Lecture: Is Country Music Quintessentially American?
Know: Nadine Hubbs’ assertion is that country music can claim to be quintessentially American because (a) it incorporates elements of many different American subcultures and (b) it is increasingly performed and claimed by people in a variety of demographic groups (slide 2-3).
Know: Terry McGinn says the counter-argument would be that country is not quintessentially American because (a) it is not equally popular through all US regions, and (b) when asked which genres are most “American,” people do not choose country music (slides 4-5)
Lecture: Music and National Identities
Know: 20th century Afghanistan found a uniting “national music” (ie, music that reinforced its national identity by combining three types of traditional music (Pastun, Tajik, and Hindustani, Slide 9).
Know: The Philippines created “national music” in the contemporary work of Freddie Aguilar, whose music contained popular political and cultural themes and was sung in an indigenous language (slide 17-18).
Know: authors Regev and Seroussi that many nations have three components in the music: (a) earlier, traditional music, (b) a newer global element, (c) newer bodies of music reflecting subcultural groups (slide 25).
Know: Israel constructed its “traditional” music in the 20th Century drawing on a variety of sources (folk, pop, military, and newly composed music, slide 27).
Presentation: Reggaeton
Know: that reggaeton is a pan-Latin genre associated with lower SES and marginalized communities.
Know: One of Reggaeton’s effects on Latin communities is interrupting norms, while one of its effects on non-Latin communities may be reinforcing sexualized stereotypes about people from Latin cultures.
Lecture: Globalized & World Music - Globalizing
world-wide interconnectedness is broadening (more parts of the globe), deepening (more types of connection), picking up speed, and having increasing impact from one place to another. (globalization a broadening, deepening, and speeding up of world-wide interconnected-ness in all aspects of life, from culture to criminal, the financial to environmental.
Lecture: Globalized & World Music - Some say
“Globalization is really about economics” some say “Globalization is new name for a long-existing process”; some say, “Globalization is broader than the economic, involving all dimensions of culture”
Lecture: Globalized & World Music - World Music
is it only authentic when it is traditional music from other nations, or is it also authentic when it is a “fusion” of international music with Euro-American music?
Globalization works well if only the developing countries would get along with it!
Lecture: Globalized & World Music - Timothy D. Taylor
Timothy D. Taylor sees World Music as a marketing strategy in which the West co-opts music from elsewhere, reduces it to a genre, and sells it. The variety of world music has been reduced to a style or genre, so it can be managed and used by the profit-seeking music industry.
