QUIZ #2 Flashcards
What are Weber’s types of authority
Rational: there is a legal authority
Traditional: the authority has always been there
Charismatic: it is authorized by compelling individuals
How does Kamerman define the role of the conductor
Preparing for Rehearsal: interpretation, study score, rewrite as needed
During Rehearsal: effect interpretation, physical arrangement, express intentions (verbally/silently)
During Performance: Reproduce the rehearsal, bring excitement, “Display” their role
Administrative: Programming, PR, personnel
Two early influences on prof Katz’s relationship with music
Hearing a recording of pianist Arthur Rubenstein
Katz discovered that playing the piano was his outstanding talent.
Why does Faulkner say player success is contingent upon the conductor, and which authority does Faulkner identify with conducting?
Orchestra interaction: communication and Authority in an artistic organization.
Personality: (Charisma). Clear communication, knowledge of musicians.
Elements in the Role of the Collaborative Pianist Besides playing piano
Knowing languages, understanding vocal mechanics, and people skills
How does prof Katz believe conductors establish their authority with orchestras?
Orchestra members tend to give initial trust to conductors, which is confirmed or overturned in the first 5-10 minutes of their first rehearsal together)
Does Prof Katz think all classical singers are “dicks”
No, because they don’t make as much money as rock singers or have rock singers’ audience size and social status)
What is “structure vs. agency” in sociology
Agency: the ability of individuals to use power and resources in exerting their will or shaping their life and world
Structure: the forces outside of individuals that exert influence on their decisions and actions.
What are the key audience uses of music identified by DeNora?
Change mood, express feeling symbolically, provide milieu for concentration, help create an experience, symbolize your identity, represent a relationship.
Be able to explain Grazian’s 2x2 typology and its 4 groups
Young, old and black,white. Young black-players. Young white-lions. Old black- old timers. Old white-survivors.
Players: get the best gigs; in demand; successful. Typically from chicago or the south.
Old timers: “grumpy” that they aren’t as in demand as they once were. Some overcompensate with exaggerated performance. On the margins of the club.
Lions: often from the suburbs, often college educated, often have middle-class day jobs, followers may be majority white suburbanites.
Survivors: don’t have the benefit of either race authenticity or youth. Often in “semi-retirement” musically. The most critical of contemporary blues: “it’s not real blues any more”
What is the Critical Theory view of modern society and capitalism?
Social theory must uncover and be critical of oppressive social arrangements, and must propose emancipatory alternatives. It must reveal more accurately the nature of society.
Capitalism is oppressive, via norms and culture (especially the media!) that present a “rationality” that is often irrational. Capitalism gets you to “buy in” by meeting short-term, material needs. But, it hides the longer-term, meaning needs that lead to self-actualization. It results in the culture industry and mass-produced culture.
Critical theory believes we can discover “truth”… but is unsure if we can change the reality to move away from ideological domination. The hope for change is in raising people’s consciousness.
How does Adorno believe modern audiences have been shaped by the power elite?
Music is being used the same way culture has, to dumb people down. Modern music tends to dumb you down, people in power use music to numb you away from serious problems.
How does Marx’s concept of “alienation of labor” apply here?
Use value vs. Exchange Value. Product, process, self, species
Which classic sociologist do we credit with the concepts of “type”?
Max Weber’s “Ideal Types”- groups of people with shared characteristics, which can be compared.
What is the challenge for white musicians about authenticity?
Since Black is considered more authentic to blues, how to be “black” without appearing to rip off or parody blackness. More willing to cross the genre boundaries. Sometimes find styles of their own that are not directly related to traditional black blues styles.
What is a “third place”
First place-home, second place-work, third-place is when you’re not at either. The bar could have been their third place
What is “Grand Narrative” in sociology
Sociological theory considers the entire society; “grand” is the sense of great size.
What is Phenomenological Sociology? Which sociologist derived this approach from Husserl?
Derived by Alfred Schutz from Edumd
Phenomenological Sociology: is “subjective”- viewing the world from the perspective of ordinary people (“acting subjects”), not scientific observers. This concern for the perspective of the subject ties to Weber’s verstehen. People share a culture, a language, and a set of meaning structures that allow them to negotiate their everyday lives. This social order, or “life world” is constructed, not a natural occurrence.
Understand how these terms apply to jazz groups: foreground/background, reciprocity/negotiation, group norms, and reflection/protection
Group norms: it is better to keep the group together than to maintain the correct tempo
Reflection: self consciousness, planning (opposed). Protention (impression, retention)
What does Simmel mean when he talks about a “form” and the “content” of that form?
Building blocks are forms of interaction. Generic form (like subordination, not only form) the content is why am i subordinating someone and why are they willing to be subordinate? teacher/student the content is learning. The content of the forms is typically more about individual motivation. Why are you willing to do this and what are you getting out of it?
Forms are the types of interaction that connect us and types are the nature of the roles that we are occupying when we engage in those forms
What are the two “forms” that, taken together, constitute collaboration in the leaderless orchestra? How are they related to each other?
Trust and control.
Trust-positive expectations about other’s behaviors in the face of uncertainty.
Control-rules and procedures. Social control-norms. Improves efficiency.
After each other, trusting relationships produce self-control. Controls that protect everyone’s interests lead to greater trust. Sometimes it is not clear which is facilitating the collaboration, BUT they do not seem to be substitutes for each other.
