Quiz #3 Flashcards
What would MARX and DURKHEIM say about the benefit that members MIGHT derive from being in a musical (singing) group?
Karl Marx might say once communism is achieved, music groups give their members: Equality- no difference in rank. Opportunity for all to develop talent and express self. Strong social community. Emile Durkhiem might say that music groups give their member increased social/cultural cohesion (“we share a larger identity”)
From Yoeli & McNaughton article on COPD (“To more than I can be”), what is the difference among these three terms: body-subject, body-object, and body-social?
Patients report feeling better from singing groups re: breathlessness, but doctors don’t see physical improvements. Why?
-Body-subject (experience of my own body)
-Body-object (medical view of my body)
-Body-social (my body/self connected to others)
What are the three types of singing group benefits that Terry identifies across the readings about various singing groups?
Control group issue: same for healthy people? In all musical groups? Participation in signing groups provides:
-Community (social connections, assistance)
-Shared Uplift (“collective Effervescence”)
-Agency (control, engagement, self-worth)
The definition of an institution
Pattern of social interaction. Relatively stable structure; persists over time. Organized. Shaped by cultural values.
The 5 types of institutions studied in early sociology
Family, Economy, Government, Education, Religion. Plus- Healthcare, Media, Military, Cyberspace?
5 different functions that institutions may play in society
Do institutions… serve simply as a venue for personal interaction?
Do institutions… provide social coherence through interdependence?
Do institutions… provide social coherence through authority or coercion?
Do institutions… make the world more “rational” (i.e., efficient) through their bureaucracy?
Do institutions… perpetuate the current social order?
Which musical institution did both Pearl Jam and Taylor Swift fail to defeat?
Concert Industry
Difference between a “conservatory” and “school of music” Which is Michigan?
Conservatory- a “free-standing” institution, not associated with a university. Emphasis is on performance, rather than a broader education.
School of Music- part of a larger university. Seeks to place training of professional musicians within the context of a broader education.
BUT… these terms are often muddled… Michigan is a school of music.
Schools of music might emphasize ______and/or ______.
Schools of music might emphasize performing and/or teaching music
In Palmer & Baker (“Classical Soloists’ life histories and the music conservatoire”), when famous musicians looked back, what was the 1st thing they said about the function of their conservatory education?
Going to music school is a necessary “rite of passage” for a performance career. “Cultural capital” (Bourdieu)/social status. Develops wider skills (critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, independence)
What is the “studio system?”
The key element of music performance training is having a one-on-one “apprentice-like” relationship with a faculty member who has a major reputation for their own performance skill AND/OR for their skill in improving others’ performance. The faculty member is said to maintain a “studio” composed of all the students who are currently studying them.
What do Fetters, Chan & Wu mean when they say “Classical music has a God Status Problem?”
Sexual misconduct is pervasive in schools of music. Music school is built on “hierarchy, critique, and reputation,” facilitating abuse. Plus, the entire classical music industry is highly competitive AND women are a disadvantaged minority.
Has Umich’s school of Music, Theatre, and Dance managed to avoid that problem?
No… Stephen Shipps, Bruce Conforth, David Daniels
What does Jean Baudrillard mean by the term “simulacra”?
Something that is a copy of the original but no longer distinguishable from the original. Example a person and a hologram.
What is “Hyper-reality” the situation where people treat something as
“the real thing that no longer bears any connection to its original. Examples: treating the map of a place like it is the actual place. Treating Disney World like it is a real society; believing that any education about American racial history is “Critical Race Theory” when CRT was actually a very specific and formal sociological theory. See slide 11
Tim summers in Understanding Video Game Music, gives examples of how music in video games is used to create hyper-reality by convincing us that the game is real
Once we start to investigate games in detail, the boundary between the ‘real’ and ‘not real’ become a little more difficult to determine. Evidently games are real things that exist in the world. Video games create virtual worlds of many different types. Music is part of how we come to know and understand these virtual universes. The opposite of virtual is not “real” it is “concrete” Virtual= non-sensuous; music is part of the sensuous that helps to create the virtual (and helps to give it the illusion of being sensuous/concrete)
What was DuBois’ view on spirituals
Constituted authentic African American music
How did the gentrified performance of spirituals differ from the original
performed by solo artists on stage, removed from religious context, removed from collective context, loss of authenticity
Blues
Know: a secular genre; describes like “as it is”- rejects the notion that Black people need to strive to be like White people.
Arose among rural poor African Americans turn of the 20th century
“Carving out a haven of pleasure in a repressive social environment” Themes: Hardship and resilience. Antithetical to “upward striving, integrationist” approach
Gospel
Know. gospel is sacred but sensuous; originally a reaction against the style & gentrification of spirituals. Shift in style from spirituals occurred 1896-1920.
Moved away from performance to jubilation and participation
A lower class attempt to reclaim “Black music” from the
HARLEM RENAISSANCE
A positive expression of Black arts/culture, replacing the previous sense of negativity
Alain Locke’s The New Negro
Anti-Garvey by emphasizing culture in Harlem not nationalism in Africa
Jazz.
Know: secular; “an attempt to cast off the blues by revolting against convention, custom, authority. Rogers in Locke: “An attempt to cast off the blues” by revolting against “convention, custom, authority…”
Jazz expressions diversified, building bridges between generations and races.
Rock ‘n’ Roll.
Know: the blues + a sensuous charge = early Rock ‘n’ Roll. “The blues had an illegitimate baby and we named it rock ‘n’ roll”- Little richard
50s and 60s
Sister Rosetta Tharpe 1915-1973, little Richard, Chuck Berry, Ike turner, Fats Domino, Bo Diddley
Rap & Hip Hop:
reflected Black Power Concepts; be proud; don’t emulate white culture. Preceded by Soul (Aretha Franklin), R&B (Etta Jaes, Ray Charles), Funk (James Brown). Rap emerged in the late 70’s. Reflects the Black Power concepts: Be proud; don’t emulate dominant white culture.
Also emerged in the 70’s, The DJ phenomenon grew from private parties in the Bronx, DJ Kool Herc.
Difference between Constructionism and Essentialism
Constructionism: Reality is created and sustained through human social interaction. “And God created them male & female” Platonic types, categorical variables, value-laden: hegemony
Essentialism: Things have an indwelling, “essence”; an unchanging identity. And humanity labeled them male and female, empiricism, continuous variables, value-free: equality.
Know: Anna Julia Cooper (slide 15, bullet 3); Charlotte Perkins Gilman (slide 17, both bullets)
Witness oppression; appeal to public conscience. A voice from the South. Black women can lead the nation forward based on the knowledge they have obtained from being marginalized.
The Feminism & mental health “The Yellow Wallpaper” -feminism and economics.
“Androcentric culture” & excessive gendering lead to “sexuo-economic distortion”
The 3 questions of modern feminism
What about the women?- in any situation, where are the women? If absent,why? If present, what are they doing? How do they experience the situation?
Why is all this as it is? (Explanation)- perspective include: gender difference, gender inequality, gender oppression, structural oppression
How can we make the social world more just for women and all others?
