Quiz 4 Flashcards
The field of genetics that studies chromosome variations and their effect on phenotypes is called _______.
Cytogenetics
Cytogenetics focuses on the structure and function of chromosomes.
Heterochromatic regions at the ends of chromosomes are called _______.
Telomeres
Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration.
Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments of different sizes with moving closer to the _______.
positive pole
Shorter DNA fragments move faster towards the positive pole.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium explains _______.
Constant allele frequencies in a population
It describes a population that is not evolving.
The alleles in a population comprise its _______.
gene pool
The gene pool includes all genetic information in a population.
Albinism is uncommon in the United States but affects 1/200 Hopi Indians. A contributing factor for this high increase is _______.
Genetic drift
Genetic drift can lead to higher prevalence of certain traits in isolated populations.
Sickle cell disease illustrates a balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to _______.
Malaria
Sickle cell trait provides a survival advantage in malaria-endemic areas.
True or False: Natural selection results in differential survival based on phenotype.
True
Natural selection favors phenotypes that confer survival advantages.
Humans and chimps share _______ percent of their protein-encoding gene sequences.
98.7
This close genetic similarity highlights their shared ancestry.
Hominoids are ancestral to _______.
both apes and humans
Hominoids include all modern apes and humans.
What genetic information can be used to trace maternal lineage? _______.
Mitochondrial genes
Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally and can trace lineage.
________ considers differences at the genome, chromosome, protein, or DNA sequence levels with mutation rates to estimate species relatedness.
Molecular evolution
Molecular evolution studies the changes in genetic material over time.
________ is a common cause of aneuploidy resulting in a gamete with one extra chromosome and another gamete with one missing chromosome.
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division.
A technique called _______ introduced narrowing of genetic diversity that occurs after many members of a population die and the few survivors rebuild the gene pool.
bottleneck effect
The bottleneck effect results in a loss of genetic variation.
