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Genetics > quiz 4 > Flashcards

quiz 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is it called when DNA polymerase slips or stutters during replication

A

replication slippage

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2
Q

in replication slippage the loops occurs in what strand during replication

A

template

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3
Q

replication slippage is more common in what

A

hot spots

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4
Q

what is it called when purines and pyrimidines exist in alternate chemical forms

A

tautomers

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5
Q

what is a tautomeric shift

A

a change in bonding structure which could lead to permanent base-pair changes and mutations

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6
Q

what are the standard base pair arrangements

A

T and A
C and G

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7
Q

what are anomalous base-pairing arrangements

A

T and G
C and A

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8
Q

what kind of mutation can a tautomeric shift result it

A

transition mutation

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9
Q

what is a transition mutation

A

change of purine to purine and so on

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10
Q

what is the process of progressive change in an organism

A

development

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11
Q

what is the study of development between fertilization and birth

A

embryology

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12
Q

what is genomic equivalence

A

all cells in the zygote have the same genome

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13
Q

differentiation results from

A

differential gene expression

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14
Q

genomic equivalence indicates that

A

cells need ti regulate their genome during development

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15
Q

cleavage is a type of

A

mitosis

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16
Q

cleave is mitosis but without

A

growth

17
Q

goal of cleavage

A

kick start differentiation and to make identical daughter cells

18
Q

cis-regulatory elemts occur in

A

non-coding DNA

19
Q

where are cis-regulatory elements found

A

in the vicinity of the genes they regulate

20
Q

what does cis-regulatory elements regulate

A

gene expression

21
Q

what do cis-regulatory elements include

A

promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators

22
Q

what do trans-regulatory elements do

A

modify the function of distinct genes

23
Q

trans-regulatory elements often include

A

transcription factors

24
Q

what helps with differential of gene expression

A

enhancer modularity
methylation

25
Q

what is enhancer modularity

A

enhancers or repressors for a gene code for expression in different tissues

26
Q

what is methylation

A

when methyl groups can be added to DNA sequences to modify expression

27
Q

where does methylation most likely occur

A

C and sometimes A

28
Q

what are methylated regions of vertebrate genomes

A

CpG islands

29
Q

where do CpG islands often occur

A

in the promoter

30
Q

a single gene that can encode multiple products is often called

A

alternate splicing

31
Q

what promotes the assembly of the spliceosome at specific intron/exon boundaires

A

splicing enhancers

32
Q
A

Genetics (6 decks)

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