Quiz 4 Flashcards
a salary conflict between ____ and ______ who both worked for _______ led to the discovery of the Katipunan
Teodoro Patiño; Apolonio dela Cruz; Diario de Manila
_______ was advised by ________ to confess to the Augustinian parish priest of Tondo _________ about the Katipunan
Teodoro Patiño; Honoria; Mariano Gil
the event where the Katipuneros officially declared war against Spain and tore their cedulas personales
Cry of Pugadlawin
what did Gov-gen Ramon Blanco implement to contain the battles of the war?
- martial law on provinces that fought against the Spanish
- blanket amnesty for those who would surrender in 48 hours
- arrest, exile, or execution of suspected members and sympathizers of the Katipunan
what were the 8 provinces placed under martial law by gov-gen Ramon Blanco?
- Manila
- Cavite
- Laguna
- Batangas
- Bulacan
- Pampanga
- Tarlac
- Nueva Ecija
who were those executed under the implementations of gov-gen Ramon Blanco?
Rizal and the Los Trece Martires of Cavite
who led the battles in Cavite which were gaining success, unlike those in Manila (led by Bonifacio)?
cousins Aguinaldo and Baldomero
what were the divisions of the revolutionaries?
- Magdalo (Kawit) led by the Aguinaldos
- Magdiwang (Noveleta) led by Mariano Alvarez and Bonifacio
what caused the internal conflict within the revolutionaries?
Magdalo proposed to dissolve the Katipunan and establish a formal Philippine government.
why did Magdiwang reject Magdalo’s proposal?
they saw the Katipunan as an actual government in terms of its structure, governing body, and goals
what did Bonifacio do in Cavite in order to solve the issue between Magdalo and Magdiwang?
Tejeros Convention
what did the body decide in the Tejeros Convention?
- dissolve the Katipunan and establish a new government in the form of a republic
- elect a new set of officials
what position did Bonifacio attain in the new government?
Director of the Interior
who protested against the proclamation of Andres Bonifacio as Director of Interior? Why?
Daniel Tirona; he claimed that the position must be given to an educated individual, preferably a lawyer
What did Bonifacio do in response to Daniel Tirona’s protest?
He invalidated the decisions made at the convention and left Tejeros to go to Naic and released two important documents.
What documents did Bonifacio release following the Tejeros Convention?
- Acta de Tejeros - detailed why the convention is null and void
- Naic Military Agreement - ordered all revolutionaries to recognize the Katipunan as the sole legitimate government of the Philippines
Aguinaldo ordered the arrest of Andres and his brothers _____ and ___ for allegedly committing ________ and __________.
Procopio; Ciriaco; treason; sedition
After moving his headquarters to _________, Aguinaldo inaugurated the _______________ which included a constitution that was plagiarized from Cuba’s _________________.
San Miguel, Bulacan; Republic of Biak-na-Bato; Jimaguayu Constitution
Aguinaldo had been negotiating with gov-gen __________ through the assistance of ____________ about the __________.
Primo de Rivera; Pedro Paterno; Truce of Biak-na-Bato
What conditions were included in the Truce of Biak-na-Bato?
- ceasefire
- the Aguinaldo government will go to Hong Kong as political exiles in exchange for 800,000 pesos in 3 installments
- 900,000 pesos for the civilians affected
what were the 3 installments of the 800,000 pesos entailed by the Truce of Biak-na-Bato?
- 400,000 upon Aguinaldo and his group’s departure to Hong Kong
- 200,000 upon the surrender of at least 700 pieces of firearms by Filipino soldiers
- 200,000 when the King provides royal amnesty to the revolutionaries
why did the Truce of Biak-na-Bato fail?
several revolutionaries (e.g., Francisco Macabulos of Tarlac) refused to honor the agreement and abandon the war
among the three installments in the Truce of Biak-na-Bato, which was fulfilled?
Aguinaldo’s 400,000 pesos
the Filipino government-in-exile established by Aguinaldo
Hong Kong Junta
who demanded and was denied a portion of the 400,000 by Aguinaldo?
Isabelo Artacho
why did Aguinaldo escape to Singapore?
Isabelo Artacho sued him after he was denied a portion of the money given by the Truce of Biak-na-Bato
who summoned Aguinaldo after he escaped to Singapore?
Edward Spencer Pratt, the consul-general of the US in Singapore
what triggered the Spanish-American War?
the explosion and sinking of the USS Maine in Havana, Cuba which killed 261 American soldiers
what did Edward Spencer Pratt advise Aguinaldo in Singapore?
to join forces with Commodore George Dewey’s US Asiatic Squadron in Hong Kong (alliance)
what argument did Edward Spencer Pratt make to convince Aguinaldo that they weren’t going to colonize the Philippines?
the US didn’t colonize Cuba despite it being close to them
who welcomed Aguinaldo in Hong Kong instead of Commodore George Dewey?
Rounsevelle Wildman, US consul-general in Hong Kong
what did Rounsevelle Wildman advise Aguinaldo?
- procure weapons from the US
- consolidate power and establish a dictatorial government
against the recommendations of Mabini, Aguinaldo declared Philippine Independence on ______
12 June 1898
what did the written text of the declaration of Philippine independence state?
- that the Philippines was under the protection of the US
- the flag’s design symbolizes gratitude to the US for its protection
why did Aguinaldo declare independence despite still being colonized?
to boost morale
The __________ was the legislative arm of Aguinaldo’s government which first convened at __________ with __________ as the speaker.
Malolos Congress; Barasoain Church; Pedro Paterno
which constitution was adopted to inaugurate the First Philippine Republic?
The Malolos Constitution
what did the Philippine government do to get official recognition from Filipinos and the international community?
- released nationalistic newspapers
- established a public school system and a state university (Universidad Literaria de Filipinas)
- sent diplomats to world superpowers
which gov-gen surrendered the Philippines to the US after the Mock Battle of Manila?
Fermin Jaudenes
which agreement was signed by Spain and the US, and rendered the mock battle of Manila unnecessary?
the Protocol of Peace
what were the inclusions of the Protocol of Peace?
- ceasefire
- drafting of a treaty in a neutral place which would formally end the Spanish-American War
what did the Treaty of Paris entail?
the purchase of the remaining Spanish colonies (Cuba and Puerto Rico) by the US for 20 million Mexican pesos
why did the Treaty of Paris increase tension between Filipinos and Americans?
Filipinos were not allowed to participate in its drafting
what proclamation revealed the US’s true intentions with the Philippines and thus worsened tensions between Filipinos and Americans?
William McKinley’s Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation
what was taken by the US as a declaration of war by the Philippines?
Aguinaldo’s counter-proclamation highlighting the readiness of the Filipinos to defend the Philippines
who made the first shot in the Philippine-American war?
Private William Grayson
why did the people of Negros side with the US?
they had close commercial ties as Negros’ primary export is sugar whose market is the US
In Mindanao, ___________ signed a treaty with ___________ called _____________.
Gen. John Bates; Sultan Jamalol Kiram of Sulu; The Bates Treaty of 20 Aug 1898
what were the provisions of the Bates Treaty in exchange for ‘protection’ from the US
- the power and duties of the sultan will remain
- religious freedom will be ensured
- the sultan will receive 250 pesos per month
what did Gen. Gregorio del Pilar do to help Aguinaldo find a new and more secure headquarters?
he engaged the Americans from an elevated place in what is called the Battle of Tirad Pass
how did the Americans win the Battle of Tirad Pass?
they found an alternate route to the Filipinos with the help of Igorot Januario Galut
how was Aguinaldo’s location in Palanan, Isabela revealed?
his personal messenger Cecilio Seguismundo surrendered to the Americans
why did the Americans use the term ‘insurrection’ in referring to the Philippine-American war?
in their perspective, the Philippines was already theirs and the Filipinos were simply revolting against it
what three major factors fueled the US expansionism?
economic, military, and ideological
what economic factors fueled US expansionism in the Philippines?
- they needed the Philippines’ raw materials to sustain their economy (sugar, tobacco, coffee, abaca)
- they had to find markets that could buy its products and wanted to access China through a trading base near it
what military factors fueled US expansionism in the Philippines?
- the US wanted to become a world superpower, which could be accomplished by creating a powerful navy
- the lengthy coastline of the Philippines was a desirable military base near China
who forwarded the strategy of creating a powerful navy to become a world superpower?
Alfred Thayer Mahan through his work “The Influence of Sea Power upon History”
what ideological concepts fueled US expansionism?
manifest destiny and white man’s burden
this is the widespread belief among Americans that it is their fate to expand westwards and spread their culture
manifest destiny
this is the belief that white people have the moral obligation to civilize non whites
white man’s burden
what were the strict policies implemented by the US to extinguish Filipino nationalism?
- Libel Law (prohibited malicious defamation)
- Sedition Law (banned uprisings)
- Flag Law (prohibited the display of PH flags)
what investigative body was sent by McKinley and headed by Jacob Schurman?
First Philippine Commission
what did the First Philippine Commission suggest?
- civil gov’t to replace military rule
- bicameral congress
- improved sanitation and health care
- public school system
who was the first American civil gov-gen of the Philippines that led the Second Philippine Commission
William Howard Taft
what was the two party system under William Howard Taft?
- Partido Federalista - wanted statehood of the PH
- Partido Nacionalista - wanted PH independence
what was the first American constitution in the Philippines?
Philippine Organic Act (Cooper Act)
under the Philippine Organic Act was the bicameral congress called the _______ composed of the upper house which is _______ and the lower house which is ________
Philippine Legislature; Philippine Commission; Philippine Assembly
the ________ gave Filipinos more autonomy in politics and recognized the legislature, leading to the upper house which is _______ with the __________ as the lower house; along with this, it vaguely promised to give the Philippines independence in the future
Philippine Autonomy Act (Jones Act); all-Filipino Philippine Senate; House of Representatives
