Quiz #4

Question 1

Loss of control such as bed-wetting (________) and involuntary passage of feces (_________) are not considered problematic until the child reaches ______-___.

Answer 1

enuresis, encopresis, school-age

Question 2

Toilet accidents may happen as a result of changes in the family, such as the _____ of a baby, sibling _______, extreme _______, excitement, anxiety, or _______.

Answer 2

birth, rivalry, fatigue, illness

Question 3

Tantrums can be an intense ___________, which can be linked to kicking, yelling, screaming, throwing objects, or pulling things.

Answer 3

frustration

Question 4

The other cluster of emotions has more to do with seeking _______ and can be recognized by __________ and sadness.

Answer 4

comfort, whimpering

Question 5

Trying to console children while they are angry and frustrated seems to _______ the tantrum and ________ the behavior.

Answer 5

prolong, escalate

Question 6

Some children react with a tantrum when they are overstimulated or overtired — it may be, during this type of tantrum, it may be best for parents to _____ ___ ______ _______ and to ____ ____ ___ _______ ________

Answer 6

leave the place quickly, deal with the outburst privately

Question 7

As ____-_________ improves, temper tantrums may lessen.

Answer 7

self-regulation

Question 8

_____ _________, which can crush the child emotionally, includes belittling, mocking, teasing, inconsistency, sarcasm, ridicule, and discounting the child.

Answer 8

Toxic parenting

Question 9

What is the term describing, “adult caregivers who exhibit negligence or destructive interactional patterns, potentially scarring and traumatizing those in their care.”

Answer 9

toxic parenting

Question 10

Children first learn ______ _____ according to parents’ interpretations of masculinity or femininity.

Answer 10

gender roles

Question 11

Preschoolers typically use ______ _______ ____, such as clothing and hairstyle to recognize someone as male or female.

Answer 11

visible physical cues

Question 12

Parents should understand that the messages they convey about sexuality, both ______ and _________, will affect children’s attitudes and values when they reach maturity.

Answer 12

verbal, nonverbal

Question 13

Reggio Emilia focuses more on _____________ learning whereas Montessori focuses on __________ learning.

Answer 13

collaborative, independent

Question 14

Reggio Emilia classrooms are more ________ and open-ended whereas Montessori areas are more __________.

Answer 14

flexible, structured

Question 15

Reggio Emilia teachers are seen as ________ and guides whereas Montessori teachers are seen as _________.

Answer 15

partners, directors

Question 16

Landmarks of Early Childhood - Psychosocial

Answer 16

• Expanding awareness of self, others, and things
• Gaining independence, some self-control and self-efficacy
• High curiosity level
• Beginning socialization experiences (e.g., appropriate social and gender-role behaviors)
• Learns by doing and from trial-and-error
• Play is more social and creative, as well as interactive

Question 17

What is the “rooting reflex”?

Answer 17

• starts when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched
• baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stroking
• helps the baby find the breast or bottle to start feeding
• reflex lasts about 4 months

Question 18

What is “self-efficacy”?

Answer 18

the ability to define a goal, persevere, and see oneself as capable

Question 19

What is “object permanence”?

Answer 19

means a child understands that things, and people, still exist even when they cannot be seen or heard

Question 20

What is “goodness-of-fit”?

Answer 20

children’s development is shaped by the interaction between their own characteristics and the environment around them

Question 21

What is “nonaccidental trauma”?

Answer 21

• The most common cause of mortality
  and morbidity associated with child abuse or
  maltreatment
• This type of trauma or injury is
  willfully inflicted.

Question 22

What is the “sleep-wake” cycle?

Answer 22

• sleep during the first few months after birth is
  interrupted only long enough for the baby to
  feed
• round-the-clock pattern of
  alternating periods of sleep with feeding
  extends to longer intervals of wakefulness
  after the third month
• remainder of the time until the infant approaches age 2,
  sleep decreases to 10 to 14 hours daily

Question 23

What does the acronym “PURPLE” stand for?

Answer 23

• Peak of crying
• Unexpected crying
• Resists soothing
• Pain-like face
• Long lasting
• Evening

Question 24

Toileting usually begins between __ and __
months of age and is typically completed by
__ months.

Answer 24

19, 30, 36

Question 25

_________ is an example of how personal autonomy is expanded and mastered by toddlers.

Answer 25

Toileting