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CDV 366 - Parenting > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is “socialization”?

A

set of interpersonal processes through which cultural meaning and social values are evolved and passed on

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2
Q

With toddlers and preschool-aged infants, parents and caretakers have an active role in teaching __________.

A

socializing

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3
Q

What is “developmental parenting”?

A

appropriate for a particular child, acknowledging their individual and unique abilities while also considering their developmental age

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4
Q

Nicotine during pregnancy can lead to what 3 things?

A

low birth weight, higher incidence of asthma, and other respiratory illnesses

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5
Q

Infants born to women who are addicted to crack cocaine (cocaine in a smokable form) are also ________ and must receive _______ _______ ____ following birth

A

addicted, special medical care

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6
Q

What are three “destructive behaviors” that can harm the outcome of a healthy pregnancy?

A

using illicit drugs, misusing prescription drugs, and imbibing alcohol

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7
Q

Alcohol use can lead to _____ _______ ________ (FAS), which is a debilitating condition in infants and is associated with maternal alcohol abuse.

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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8
Q

For mothers, high levels of _______ and __________ before a pregnancy may signal other stressors that require expert medical and, possibly, psychiatric attention, and should be regarded as part of the planning to transition into parenthood.

A

anxiety, depression

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9
Q

This approach falls within an ecological context and describes family functioning in ways that resemble other systems found in nature, such as the solar system and ecological systems.

A

Family Systems Theory

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10
Q

Family groups strive to maintain stability over time and adapt _____, __________, _______ and goals.

A

rules, behaviors, roles

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11
Q

a microcosm of the larger family system that mirrors the functioning of this group

A

subsystems

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12
Q

___-__-____ contact between each parent and the newborn, as well as the expression of ________ _________ and ___ _______, are believed to facilitate emotional bonding

A

skin-to-skin, physical affection, eye contact

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13
Q

An estimated ___ of women suffer from significant depression, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, and related conditions

A

15%

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14
Q

a type of clinical depression that includes feelings of not wanting to provide care for the infant, severe mood swings, continual fatigue, lack of joy in life, and/or withdrawal from relationships

A

postpartum depression

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15
Q

this family emerges when children who have been launched into independence return home to their family of origin

A

renested family

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16
Q

Another name for “renested” (the children who come back).

A

Boomerang kids.

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17
Q

This family is formed when at least one of the adult partners remarries or when a couple cohabit and children are involved

A

Blended Family

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18
Q

This family is formed when grandparents may be faced with the responsibility of raising their grandchildren, and possibly providing some financial support for their own children

A

Kinship Families

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19
Q

When the demands from both the older and the younger generations fuel role strain within a parent, they can be referred to as what?

A

Sandwich Generation

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20
Q

____ _________ ideally implies that both parents will contribute equally, responding to what the specific situations may demand, rather than giving a response based on traditional gender roles, even though each parent may bring different strengths to the parent–child relationship.

A

Dual parenting

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21
Q

In ____-_______ families, the ideal would be that all tasks are shared, from income-producing work and household-related labor, to the nurturing and raising of the offspring.

A

Dual income

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22
Q

What is “responsive care”?

A

expressed when a parent determines what a child’s needs are, but this determination can only occur because of the feedback loop between parent and child

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23
Q

What is damaging and has a long range detrimental outcomes?

A

Corporal Punishment

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24
Q

In 1979, ______ became the first country to formally ban all corporal punishment

A

Sweden

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25
Q

The __________ __ ___ ______ __ ___ _____ advocates that all forms of corporal punishment should be ceased.

A

Convention on the Rights of the Child

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26
Q

What is generally described as a form of discipline often defined as the “use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but no injury, for the purposes of correction or control of the child’s behavior”

A

Corporal Punishment

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27
Q

One critique of Baumrind’s parenting styles is: the ______ _______ which was a post war baby boomer generation who questioned the authority and control of remaining attitudes from the post Victorian era.

A

social context

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28
Q

A second critique of Baumrind’s parenting styles is: it does not sufficiently emphasize the context of any given _________ __________.

A

parenting situation

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29
Q

Authoritarian Parenting Style

A

relies predominantly on controlling children’s behavior towards immediate and long-range obedience and often uses traditional childrearing techniques

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30
Q

Permissive Parenting Style

A

avoids excessive control, does not enforce obedience to externally defined standards, and basically allows children to regulate their own activities

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31
Q

Uninvolved Parenting Style

A

absent parents as they do not provide much input to the child irrespective of whether it is positive or negative input

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32
Q

Authoritative Parenting Style

A
  • Acceptance rather than rejection and firm, but not rigid, policies.
  • Emphasis on critical thinking skills, individuality, and self-initiative.
  • Models of the behaviors and attitudes that - parents want children to adopt.
  • Parental explanations of the reasons for the rules and the policies
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33
Q

What are “nonnegotiable rules”?

A

rules that cannot be debated or changed

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34
Q

What are “negotiable rules”?

A

rules that are subject to discussion and alteration

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35
Q

What is “positive reinforcement”?

A

(positive reward) increases the likelihood that a particular behavior will occur again

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36
Q

What is “negative reinforcement”?

A

occurs when an unpleasant stimulus is removed, increasing the likelihood that the behavior recurs

37
Q

What is another name for “over-functioning adults”?

A

Role Strain

38
Q

What is Role Strain?

A

occurs when adults attempt to succeed at several competing social roles

39
Q

What is “nurture” in the context of parenting styles?

A

warmth and responsiveness

40
Q

What is “structure” in the context of parenting styles?

A

control and demand

41
Q

What is “relationship-based parenting”?

A

focuses on listening and communication skills

42
Q

Family life in the Victorian period was most influenced by middle-class domesticity, which stressed the ______-_____ ____.

A

parent-child bond

43
Q

For the aristocracy, _______ still did much of the day-to-day parenting, but for the rest, mothering, particularly, was key to ______ childhood development

A

nannies, healthy

44
Q

________ was a major part of parenting in the Victorian middle class.

A

Religion

45
Q

Most Victorian men took fatherhood very ________.

A

seriously

46
Q

Victorian middle-class parents tended to use _____ more than corporal punishment, but in the working class, _______ children was common.

A

guilt, hitting

47
Q

What is “acculturation”?

A

When the host country’s culture has successfully integrated into the home country’s culture

48
Q

What is “enculturation”?

A

When the home country’s culture has integrated a few of their our traditions into the host country’s culture

49
Q

What is “emic”?

A

Culturally specific

50
Q

What is “etic”?

A

Culturally universal

51
Q

What are “satellite babies/children”?

A

in order to obtain the required education, or meet the stringent labor demands of the new host country, immigrants may ask their own parents in another cultural context to raise their preschool children

52
Q

What are “anchor” babies?

A

immigrants have offspring in their new host country providing legitimate access to legal residence for child’s parents

53
Q

What is Humanistic Theory and who created it?

A

Humanistic Theory (Carl Rogers) explains that humans are inherently good and have basic needs that must be satisfied

54
Q

Secure Attachment

A

infants are not overly animated when the mother returns and uses her as a base for exploring the room and as a source of comfort upon reuniting

55
Q

Insecure/Avoidant Attachment

A

infants ignore or avoid the mother upon her return, do not appear to be distressed when the mother leaves them, and react to the stranger in a similar manner as to the mother

56
Q

Insecure/Resistant Attachment

A

infants are reluctant to explore the playroom, cling to the mother, and attempt to hide from the stranger

57
Q

Disorganized Attachment

A

the child’s response to being frightened of the caretaker or may be the child’s reaction to an abusive situation

58
Q

Harlow found that separating infant monkeys from their mothers following birth resulted in ______ _________ ______ in the baby monkeys.

A

severe emotional trauma

59
Q

What is “contact comfort”?

A

an infant’s need for soft, comforting, nurturing sensations provided by a caregiver

60
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage that takes place from birth to 18 months?

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

61
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage that takes place from 18 months to 3 years?

A

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

62
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage that takes place from 3 - 6 years?

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

63
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage that takes place from 6 - 12 years?

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

64
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage that takes place from 12 - 18 years?

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

65
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage that takes place from 18 - 24 years?

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

66
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage that takes place from 24 - 54 years?

A

Generativity vs. Self-Absorption

67
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage that takes place from 54 years to death?

A

Integrity vs. Despair

68
Q

What is Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory?

A

this approach emphasizes the social aspects of cognitive development; that is, intellectual growth is stimulated by interactions with others, especially parents

69
Q

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory : development during infancy and early childhood is specific to a particular __________ ____ in which a person lives.

A

historical time

70
Q

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory : Development takes place when a child ________ an activity in group interactions and then ____________ this activity.

A

observes, internalizes

71
Q

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory : Symbols such as “________” assist in internalizing activities.

A

language

72
Q

What is Bronfenbrenner’s “microsystem”?

A

The first environmental setting with which a child interacts is that which comprises the environments provided by the family, peers, a school, or a neighborhood.

73
Q

What is Bronfenbrenner’s “exosystem”?

A

The individual does not have an active role in this context and may be comprised of government agencies, community programs, the employment settings of parents, and so on.

74
Q

What is Bronfenbrenner’s “macrosystem”?

A

in this system, the person is affected by the broad, generalized beliefs, behavior patterns, and value systems deemed appropriate by most members of a particular society

75
Q

What is “nonmaleficence”?

A

Ultimately, parents should do no harm to their child(ren).

76
Q

What is “beneficence”?

A

Essentially, parents should always consider the best interest of the child(ren).

77
Q

What is a “putative father”?

A

a man who may be the biological father of a child but is not yet recognized as the legal father

78
Q

What is a “presumed father”?

A

a father who receives all legal rights and responsibilities for the child

79
Q

What is “parallel parenting”

A

parents have limited contact with each other

80
Q

What is “Guardian ad Litem”?

A

an attorney that advocates for the best interest of the child

81
Q

What is “family of origin”?

A

the significant caretakers and siblings that a person grows up with, or the first social group a person belongs to, which is often a person’s biological family or an adoptive family

82
Q

Family of Origin : The experiences we have in our childhood provide a blueprint for a number of interactional patterns in adulthood including:

A
  • The goals our parents had for our growth and development.
  • The model of parenthood we observed from our parents’ behavior.
  • The influence of parenting models that were handed down inter-generationally.
83
Q

What is “family of creation”?

A

This is the family we create with a partner and can include our own children

84
Q

Despite a feeling of invincibility, an estimated ___ of all pregnancies in the U.S. are unplanned.

A

50%

85
Q

What is “Reactive Attachment Disorder”?

A

Children who have been traumatized in early childhood through severe neglect or abuse or who spent the early months or even years of their lives in circumstances of severe neglect may present with reactive attachment disorder.

86
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder has been observed in some children who were adopted internationally and who may have spent the first months of life in orphanages, without opportunities for appropriate attachment and may ultimately exhibit either _________ or ____________ attachments.

A

inhibited, disinhibited

87
Q

What is “second-parent adoption”?

A

when a stepparent legally adopts the biological children of their spouse, it may be the final way of unifying the family, before the eyes of the law

88
Q

What is “kinship” adoption?

A

Grandparents may adopt grandchildren to ensure their well-being in the future.

89
Q

What is an “international adoption”?

A

Placing a child from one racial background/ethnicity to another culture of racial background/ethnicity

CDV 366 - Parenting (6 decks)

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