Quiz 4 Flashcards
What is behaviorism?
the position that psychology should concern itself only with what people and other other animals do, and the circumstances in which they do it
What are unconditioned reflexes?
unconditioned reflexes: (aka automatic connections) between a stimulus such as food and a response such as digestive juices
What is classical (Pavlovian respondent) conditioning?
classical conditioning: the process by which an organism learns a new association between two stimuli-a neutral stimulus and one that already evokes a reflexive response
What are unconditioned and conditioned stimuli and responses?
unconditioned stimuli (UCS): an event that automatically elicits and an unconditioned response unconditioned response (UCR): the action that the unconditioned stimulus elicits
conditioned stimuli (CS): response to it depends on the preceding conditions conditioned responses (CR): whatever response the conditioned stimulus elicits as result of the conditioning (training) procedure
What are the following processes:
acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, discrimination
acquisition: process that establishes or strengthens a conditioned response
extinction: to extinguish a classically conditioned stimulus response, repeatedly present the CS without the unconditional stimulus
spontaneous recovery: a temporary return of an extinguished response after a delay
stimulus generalization: the extension of a conditioned response from the training stimulus to similar stimuli
discrimination: to respond differently to stimuli that predict different outcomes
How is a classically conditioned response is extinguished?
a classically conditioned response can be extinguished by eliminating the predictive relationship between the signal and the reflex. this is accomplished by presenting the signal (CS) while preventing the reflex
What is (drug) tolerance?
drug tolerance: users of certain drugs experience progressively weaker effects after taking the drugs repeatedly
Who was Edward Thorndike?
famous in psychology for his work on learning theory that lead to the development of operant conditioning within behaviorism
What is a learning curve?
learning curve: a graph of the changes in behavior that occur over the course of learning
What is operant conditioning? What’s the other name for it?
operant conditioning (aka instrumental conditioning): the process of changing behavior by providing a reinforcer after a response, the subject’s behavior produces an outcome that affects future behavior
What is reinforcement?
reinforcement: the process of increasing the future probability of the most recent response
What is a reinforcer?
reinforcer: an event that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future
What are primary (aka unconditioned) reinforcers?
primary reinforcer: are reinforcing because of their own properties
What are secondary (aka conditioned) reinforcers?
secondary reinforcers: are reinforcing by association with something else
