Quiz 3 Flashcards
Covers chapter 3.4
How many genes do humans have (actually it’s only about 30,000)?
tens of thousands/ 30,000
Know what chromosomes are.
strands of hereditary materials
What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?
dominant: a single copy of the gene is sufficient enough to produce its effect
recessive: its effects appear only if the dominant gene is absent
(1.) Know what the sex chromosomes are (X in females and Y in males) and, thus, (2.) what sex-linked (and sex-limiting) genes are.
1a. a female has two x chromosomes in each cell
1b. a male has one x chromosome and one y chromosome in each cell
2a. sex-linked genes: genes located on the x or y chromosome
2b. sex-limited genes: occurs equally in both sexes but exerts its effect mainly or entirely in one or the other
Know what the field of epigenetics is.
epigenetics: deals with changed in gene expression without modification of the DNA sequence
Know what monozygotic and dizygotic twins are (also called fraternal) (also what is a zygote?)
monozygotic twins: develop from a single fertilized egg and therefore have identical gene
dizygotic twins: develop from two eggs and share only half their genes
zygote: fertilized egg
Know what the multiplier effect is.
multiplier effect: a small initial advantage in some behavior, possibly genetic in origin, alters the environment and magnifies that advantage
What is PKU?
(PKU) phenylalanine: an inherited condition that, if untreated, leads to mental retardation
(1.) How is evolution defined (and what was Darwin’s preferred term) and (2.) what is natural selection?
1a. evolution: a gradual change in the frequency of various genes from one generation to the next
1b. darwin’s preferred term: descent with modification
- natural selection: small, random, inheritable variations among individuals that result in different chances of reproduction
What do evolutionary psychologists “try to” do?
try to infer the benefits that favored certain genes and behaviors
