Quiz #3: Vocabulary Flashcards
Overtraining
A failure to adapt to a higher fitness level because of over stress or excessive work
Oxidation
The removal of electrons
Oxidative Phosphorylation
A process within the electron transport system (inside the mitochondrion) that couples the liberation of energy from hydrogens to the synthesis of ATP and the formation of metabolic H20. This process will not work without oxygen
Oxygen Consumption (VO2)
The amount of oxygen that is used metabolically per unit of time
Oxygen Deficient
During exercise; the difference between oxygen needed and the oxygen supplied and consumed. It always occurs at the beginning of an exercise unit
Oxygen Drift
The gradual increase in oxygen consumption during prolonged steady rate exercise
Oxygen System
An aerobic energy system in which ATP is manufactured when food (principally sugar/fat) is broken down. This system produces an abundant supply of ATP and is the body’s prime energy source during long-lasting (endurance) activities.
Oxygen Transport System (VO2)
Composed of stroke volume (SV), the heart rate (HR), and the arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference (a-VO2 difference). Mathematically, it is defined as VO2= SV x HR x a-VO2 difference
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
The graph of the relationship between the amount of oxygen combined with hemoglobin and the partial pressure of oxygen
Oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin chemically combined with oxygen. 1.34 ml of O2 can combine with 1 gram of hemoglobin
Partial Pressure
The pressure exerted by a single gas in a gas mixture or in a liquid. The total of the pressures of each individual gas equals the pressure of the mixture of gases
Peak Power
The maximum power exerted during a very intense, but short (usually 5 seconds or less) work bout
Perceived Exertion
The ‘feeling’ or sense of discomfort associated with exercise at a given intensity. When placed on a scale, referred to as relative perceived exertion
Periodization
A training plan on manipulation of fitness components over a one year cycle. The main idea is to peak the athlete for a competitive season
Perkinje Fibers
The electrical conduction fibers which leave the a-v node and pass into the inter-ventricular septum where they divide and proceed into the far reaches of each ventricle
pH
The power of the hydrogen ion; the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. a measure of acidity or alkalinity
Phosphagen System
See ATP-PC system
Phosphagen
A group of compounds; collectively referred to as ATP and PC
Phosphocreatine (PC)
A chemical compound stored in muscle; which when broken down aids in manufacturing ATP
Phospholipid
A class of waxy or greasy compounds characterized by phosphoric acid as a hydrolysis product along with a long chain carbon compound such as a fatty acid or a sterol. Among other things, they are the chief component of cell membranes
Photosynthesis
The process whereby green plants manufacture their own food from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
Placebo
An inert substance having the identical physical characteristics of a real treatment or drug
Plasma
The liquid portion of the bloof
Plasmolysis
The shrinking of a cell, such as a red blood cell