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Clinical Laboratory Medicine > Quiz #3 RBC anemias > Flashcards

Quiz #3 RBC anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Reticulocyte:

A

-Estimates rate of RBC production

Increased: bleeding or hemolytic anemia

Decreased: bone marrow not working well

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2
Q

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

§ The average measure of red cell volume

§ Normal Range: 80-100 fL

▪ 100 = macrocytic

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3
Q

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

A

§ The average amount of hemoglobin per red cell

§ Ref 28-34 pg/cell

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4
Q

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

A

§ Average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of red cells

§ Ref: 32-36 g/dL

▪ Decreased: microcytic anemia

▪ Increased: hereditary spherocytosis and sickle cell disease

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5
Q

Red cell distribution width (RDW)

A

§ Measures the range of sizes of red blood cells in a
blood sample

▪ Iron Deficiency Anemia (high RDW with low MCV)

▪ Folate & Vitamin B12 Deficiency (high RDW and high MCV)

▪ Recent hemorrhage (high RDW with normal MCV)

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6
Q

General Diseases:

A
  1. Anemia – too few
  2. Polycythemia – too many
  3. Abnormal – sickle-cell, thalassemia
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7
Q

Anemia definition:

A

decreased Hgb/Hct

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8
Q

Absolute anemia definition:

A

Physiologic causes: stem cell disorders, DNA disorders, heme and globin disorders, RBC survival disorders

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9
Q

Relative anemia:

A

Dilutional – 3rd trimester

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10
Q

Microcytic:

A

small RBC

MCV

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11
Q

Macrocytic:

A

large RBC

MCV > 100

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12
Q

Normocytic:

A

normal RBC

MCV within normal range

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13
Q

MCH

A

hypochromic anemia

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14
Q

MCH within normal range:

A

normochromic anemia

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15
Q

MCH > upper limit of normal:

A

hyperchromic anemia

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16
Q

Ferritin:

A

Iron storing protein (major)

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17
Q

Transferrin:

A

Iron-binding (reversible) blood plasma glycoproteins

Increased in iron deficiency anemia

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18
Q

Serum Iron:

A

Measures the amount of circulating iron that is bound to transferrin

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19
Q

Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC):

A

Measures the blood’s capacity to bind iron with
transferrin

Increased in Iron Deficiency Anemia

20
Q

Sideroblastic Anemia:

A

disorder of excess iron

21
Q

Lead Poisoning (Plumbism):

A

§ Microcytic, hypochromic anemia

§ Basophilic stippling

22
Q

Megaloblastic anemias:

A

Results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during
RBC production

Vitamin B 12 Deficiency (Schilling test)

Folate Deficiency

23
Q

Normocytic anemia:

A

Anemia with MCV 80-100 fl

Chronic conditions: inflammatory, infectious, and malignant disease

Acute blood loss

24
Q

Erythrocytosis/Polycythemias:

A

Elevated Hct (> 55%)

Absolute Polycythemia (increase number of RBC)

Polycythemia vera

25
Q

Heme of hemoglobin:

A

Each heme group contains one iron (Fe++) atom held in a porphyrin ring

26
Q

Globin of hemoglobin:

A

Protein subunits

27
Q

Hemoglobin A:

A

most common

2 alpha and 2 beta

28
Q

Hemoglobin A2:

A

2 alpha and 2 delta

29
Q

Hemoglobin F:

A

Fetal hemoglobin

Consists of 2 alpha and 2 gamma subunits

30
Q

Heme diseases:

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

31
Q

Globin diseases (hemoglobinopathy):

A

Thalassemia

Hemoglobin S – Sickle cell disease

32
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin (HgbCO):

A

Carbon monoxide (CO) variant of Hgb (normal

33
Q

Sulfhemoglobin:

A

Hgb variant due to addition of sulfur atom

34
Q

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1C):

A

Hgb with a glucose irreversibly attached

35
Q

Lab findings of sickle cell disease:

A

Sickled RBC

Anemia – short RBC lifespan of 30 days

36
Q

Alpha thalassemia:

A

defect in alpha chain

37
Q

Beta thalassemia:

A

defect in beta chain

38
Q

Lab findings of thalassemia:

A

Microcytic anemia

Looking for “target” cells

39
Q

Intrinsic hemolytic anemia:

A

Usually hereditary disorders

40
Q

Extrinsic hemolytic anemia:

A

Acquired RBC survival disorders

41
Q

Hemolytic deficiency:

A

G6PD deficiency

African & Mediterranean cultures, fava beans

42
Q

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency:

A

Mild to moderate hemolytic anemia

43
Q

Haptoglobin:

A

In hemolytic anemias associated with hemolysis of RBCs, the released hemoglobin is quickly bound to haptoglobin

44
Q

Hemolysis labs:

A

CBC - anemia

Peripheral smear - Schistocytes, increased reticulocytes

Serum haptoglobin – decreased

Indirect bilirubin – increased

Serum Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) – increased

45
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR):

A

Increased – inflammation

46
Q

ESR normal range:

A

0-20 mm/hr

Clinical Laboratory Medicine (4 decks)

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