Quiz 3 Material (Old) Flashcards
Patronage
a social tradition whereby poorer citizens relied on wealthy citizens for legal representation and protection, and in return offered political support and loyalty
In order to utilize their superior infantry in a naval war, the Romans developed this innovation on board their ships that they used for about ten years
the corvus
the corvus
navy device used on ships to deploy infantry to other boats - think of it like a walkway i guess
The Roman legion consisted of maniples typically arranged in this way
triple line
triple line
roman military formation tactic
The capture of Rome by the Celtic Gauls in 387 BCE caused the Romans to rethink what?
Their military formations and strategies
Which king, using the Macedonian phalanx formation, won a battle against the Romans in 280 BCE, but at such a cost that it almost amounted to a defeat?
pyrrhus of eprius
Which statement best describes Roman treatment of the Italians as they established hegemony in Italy?
romans made them allies and granted forms of citizenship
Punic Wars – how many? what time period?
3 punic wars
264 BCE-146 BCE
The three Punic Wars were a series of wars that Rome fought against what powerful city-state?
carthage
the first punic war
began in 264 BCE, a naval war
what was the first punic war fought over (cause of the 1st punic war)
Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean
immediately after the Romans declared victory in 201 BCE they declared war in 200 BCE against what other state?
macedonia
The Romans won the Second Punic War, but in no way was that outcome inevitable. There were many factors that led to their victory; but this answer was NOT a true factor in this conflict
the romans depended primarily on a mercenary army to fight for them
In the final chapter of the Punic Wars, the so-called Third Punic War (149-146 BCE), the Romans did this
besieged and burned Carthage to the ground killing or enslaving all its inhabitants
After their defeat in the First Punic War, the Carthaginians sent their general Hamilcar Barca into what region to gain land and resources?
spain (Hiberia)
Hannibal delivered the Romans a devastating loss at Cannae in 216 BCE by arranging his infantry to provoke the massive Roman army to do what?
push forward toward the center of Hannibal’s line so the wings of his infantry could encircle them
Hannibal Barca, son of Hamilcar, was in Spain when the Romans declared war in 218 BCE. What he did next is still admired by military historians
He took his army over the Alps into Italy
Hannibal’s early battles against Rome (218-216 BCE) were decisive victories for him, and you know their locations by the abbreviation “3 T’s and a C” - the “C” stands for:
cannae
-Hannibal’s early battles against Rome (218-216 BCE) were decisive victories for him, and you know their locations by the abbreviation “3 T’s and a C” - the “3 Ts” stand for:
Ticinus, Trebia, Trasimene
Roman defeat at Cannae (216) – how did it happen?
- hannibal’s strategy was to make the vast numbers of the romans a liability
- the typical morning breeze blew dust in the eyes of the romans
- encircled the Roman triple line formation
During the Second Punic War, after the losses of 218-217 BCE, and again after Cannae in 216 BCE, the Romans widely adopted the policy of Fabius Maximus Cunctator, which was what?
The policy of attrition: delaying battle and attacking enemy supply lines
Magna Mater and Claudia
- Seeking divine help from the gods to help defeat Hannibal, the Romans shipped Cybele/Magna Mater (The great mother) from Mt. Ida in Phrygia (area of ancient Troy) to Rome by ship in 204 BCE
- Claudia was a women from a noble family under a cloud of suspension for adultery, pulled the ship carrying the goddess out of a sandbar, proving her chastity
Publius Cornelius Scipio
-Roman general that convinced the senate to let him fight hannibal where he ended the war
who was the King of Numidia that helped the Romans win against Hannibal at Zama
Masinissa
The Romans gained a valuable ally in northern Africa who helped them defeat Hannibal’s army at Zama in 202 BCE, and that ally’s name was
King Masinissa of Numidia
Eventually Hannibal was recalled to Africa by his Senate. When he went there, THIS Roman general convinced the Senate to allow him to raise his own army and fight Hannibal at Zama in 202 whereby he ended the war, earning him the name “Africanus”:
Publius Cornelius Scipio
Marcus Porcius Cato’s other name
Cato the Elder
Marcus Cato
went to scout out war b/w Carthage and Numidians, finds out that Carthage is strong
After Cannae, Hannibal chose NOT to do this - and many historians to this day believe that if he had done this, he could have won the Second Punic war
attack rome
Destruction of Carthage 146 BCE
-romans would later colonize the territory in North Africa
what kind of war was the second punic war
war of land of invasions
what happened in the third punic war
destruction of carthage
