Quiz 1 Material Flashcards
whats the significance of 753 BCE?
marked the foundation of Rome
what does Lavinian mean?
Latin, or central italian
whats an ecphrasis?
lengthy description of art within a narrative
whats an epic simile
comparison made b/w person/event and another person/divinity/event
Dianna
goddess of virginity, hunting, preservation of animals
what did the romans believe about their origins?
Trojan aeneas->romulus and remus->kings of rome->fall of the kings->rise of the republic
the Aeneid was written by who?
Virgil, or Publius Vergilius Maro (70 BCE-19 BCE)
Aeneid’s theme is expressed in its first three Latin words: arma virumque cano, which means?
I sing of arms and a man
dactylic hexameter
form of rhythmic scheme in poetry, using 6 syllables for each line
Virgil’s poem, the Aeneid, was an epic poem written in what meter?
dactylic hexameter
dido and her story
she was from Tyre, but fled after her brother Pygmalion killed her wealthy husband Sychaeus
-then became ruler of Carthage
Why is it impossible that Dido would have met Aeneas?
she would have lived 4 centuries later
Dido fled her native land because her brother did what?
killed her husband
who is Venus?
the goddess of love (Aphrodite in Greek)
-mother of Aeneas
what is Venus’ role in book one of the Aeneid
- she helps Aeneas escape Juno’s storm at sea
2. disguises herself and tells Aeneas of Carthage & Dido
Venus makes this happen so that Dido will not harm Aeneas
makes dido fall in love with Aeneas
Juno’s anger in the Aeneid (2 reasons)
- Paris’ judgement against her beauty, where he chose Venus over Juno
- Juno loves Carthage, and knows Aeneas and Trojans will destroy it eventually
Juno created many difficult obstacles for Aeneas and his followers, in part because
she heard that Aeneas’ descendants would destroy Carthage
Aeneas and his story
- survivor of the downfall of Troy
- destined to found the Roman race in Italy
- the Aeneid is about his journey from Troy to Italy
What Latin word describes Virgil’s hero Aeneas as a man who fulfills his obligations?
pius
what’re Aeneas’ heroic characteristics (5)
pius piety fearsome warrior compassionate sorrowful
Carthage
on coast of Northwest Africa
-was originally a Phoenician state
Carthage was a city-state on the coast of North Africa settled by what group?
phoenicians
who were the Phoenicians?
very successful seafaring traders
-responsible for greek alphabet
4 sources for Livy’s History of Rome (where did he get the info)
- literary and historical docs.
- annalistic tradition
- oral tradition
- aristocratic family tradition
whats annalistic tradition
documents that kept track of important events each yr.
what’re two of Livy’s concerns in the preface of his history
- depicting all the history is an immense task
2. it might not all be 100% accurate
themes that emerge in Livy’s tale of Romulus
- romans welcomed ppl and incorporated them into the Roman identity, sharing power
- marriage is binding of ppl together, not just for sexual desire
- women have role in society
- violence is part of their beginnings
Romulus and his story
- son of Rhea and Mars
- was supposed to be drowned in Tiber River w/ bro Remus when babies
- babies lived, tended to by a wolf
- shepard finds the boys and raises them
who did Romulus kill to be king of rome
his brother, remus
Livy says that Romulus did something that contributed to the strength of the new city; what was it
He invited anyone from anywhere to settle in his city and become a Roman : called asylum
The Roman aristocratic families were known by this title
patricians
patricians
Romulus created 100 senators to be designated “patres” or fathers. Their descendants were called the Patricians
The Rape of the Sabine Women in Livy is a story that best represents what historical reality
Roman expansion occurred through intermarriage and forceful alliances.
-The Etruscans were a powerful people with many strong citadels, but a weakness caused their decline
their unwillingness to form alliances against common threats
etruscans
- had thriving art trade from Greece to Italy
- rich and powerful
- mining
- villanovan art
Numa Pompilius was Rome’s second king and is most well known for this:
he established roman religious customs and their calendar
who created the vestal virgins
Numa Pompilius
serves tulles’ roman social structure
- Patricians
- Equestrians (equites)
- Plebs
patrician definition
senatorial families, aristocratic families who could provide all manner of armaments and horse for battle.
equestrians definition
(equites)-knights who qualify by income-level; those who could provide a horse for the cavalry. Most equestrians were wealthy plebeians.
plebs definition
those who do not qualify to equestrian status by wealth; this group encompasses the great majority of citizens, and of these the proletariat was the poorest sub-class
apennine mountains
series of mountains that serve as a natural defense…bordered by narrow coastlands that form the physical backbone of peninsular Italy.
who inhabited the apennine mts.
samnites
capitoline hill
- holds the Temple of Jupiter, religious center
- bears the famous Capitoline Wolf in the Capitoline Museum
palatine hill
-religious and elite domestic site
geographic structure of Rome
Rome was a collection of small settlements on hills with swamps and graveyards below
The heart of Rome and its civic center is
the forum
the forum
Area of Rome that contained the Temple of Vesta, House of Vestals, the Regia, kings palace
whats the regia
trapezoidal shaped building, was initially the residence of the King of Rome but was preserved over time to serve as a ritual site
What is the name of the river along which Rome is situated?
tiber river
tiber river
was a major route for transportation and trade
-Important because the river floodplain flowed into the Roman “Forum” area until the Latins drained the area.
On which of Rome’s famed seven hills did the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus sit?
capitoline hill
vestal virgins
the only female priests in Rome and their job was to make sure the sacred fire of Vesta never went out. They fed the fire salt and cakes to make it crackle and continue to burn.
Which cult had a college of female priestesses who kept a sacred flame alive?
vesta
cult of vesta
one of the oldest cults in Rome, imported from Alba Longa according to legend
