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Systemic Pharmacology II > Quiz 3 Material > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Material Flashcards

1
Q

Corticotropin (ACTH)

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Binds to receptors in the adrenal cortex, which stimulates the release of adrenocorticosteriods and adrenal androgens (part of fight or flight response)

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2
Q

Gonadorelin

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Essential for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary (in pulse dose)

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3
Q

Somatotropin

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Promotes cell proliferation, bone growth, cartilage synthesis, and decreses adipose tissue

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4
Q

Somatostatin

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Suppress GH and thyroid stimulating hormone release, also inhibits the release of insuling, glucagon, and gastrin

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5
Q

Gonadotropins

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Regulates gonadal steriod hormones

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6
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Results in the uptake of iodine and the synthesis of T3 and T4

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7
Q

Prolactin

A

Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Primary function is to stimulate and maintain lactation (also to decrease reproductive function)

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8
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary: Stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection

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9
Q

Vasopressin/ADH

A

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary: Increases water permeability and reabsorption in the kidney, also causes constriction of vascular smooth muscle

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10
Q

Liothyronine

A

Thyroid Drugs: Act to replace/supplement the physiologic function of T3 (T3 replacement)

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11
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Thyroid Drugs: Act to replace/supplement the physiologic function of T4 (T4 replacement)

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12
Q

Methimazole

A

Thyroid Drugs: Inhibit a step in the production of thyroid hormone (some hormones already in storage, so there may be a delayed effect when first taking the drug)

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13
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Thyroid Drugs: Inhibit a step in the production of thyroid hormone (some hormones already in storage, so there may be a delayed effect when first taking the drug)

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14
Q

Iodine, potassium iodide

A

Thyroid Drugs: Pharmacologic dose of iodide inhibits the production/release of hormone (MoA not known)

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15
Q

Estradiol

A

Estrogens: Diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to specific nuclear-receptor proteins, Activated complex interacts with nuclear chromatin to initiate RNA synthesis

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16
Q

Estrone

A

Estrogens: Diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to specific nuclear-receptor proteins, Activated complex interacts with nuclear chromatin to initiate RNA synthesis

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17
Q

Estriol

A

Estrogens: Diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to specific nuclear-receptor proteins, Activated complex interacts with nuclear chromatin to initiate RNA synthesis

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18
Q

Raloxifene

A

Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Compete with estrogen for binding on estrogen receptors (in breast tumors); Different effects depending on tissue (agonism or antagonism)

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19
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Compete with estrogen for binding on estrogen receptors (in breast tumors); Different effects depending on tissue (agonism or antagonism)

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20
Q

Drospirenone (with esteradiol = YAZ)

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

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21
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

22
Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

23
Q

Megestrol

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

24
Q

Norelgestromin

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

25
Q

Norethindrone

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

26
Q

Progesterone

A

Progestogens: Promotes the development of secretory endometrium to accommodate the implantation of the embryo; Negative feedback on LH to prevent ovulation; Produced naturally in response to LH in males and females

27
Q

Mifepristone

A

Antiprogestin: Progesterone Antagonist

28
Q

Testosterone

A

Androgens: Binds to a specific nuclear receptor; Testosterone itself is an active ligand in muscle and liver; Hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA and stimulates the synthesis of specific RNAs and proteins

29
Q

Dutasteride

A

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

30
Q

Finasteride

A

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

31
Q

Flutamide

A

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

32
Q

Nilutamide

A

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

33
Q

Bicalutamide

A

Anti-androgens: Interfere with the synthesis of androgens or block their receptors; Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide = competitive antagonists

34
Q

Insulin

A

Insulin: Bind to insulin receptors in the body and mimic the actions of insulin

35
Q

Acarbose

A

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: These drugs prevent alpha-glucosidase from breaking down carbohydrates, minimizing upper intestinal digestion and absorption of carbs. Also decrease postprandial release of glucose.

36
Q

Miglitol

A

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: These drugs prevent alpha-glucosidase from breaking down carbohydrates, minimizing upper intestinal digestion and absorption of carbs. Also decrease postprandial release of glucose.

37
Q

Linagliptin

A

DPP-4 Inhibitors: Inhibite DPP-IV, an enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones. This results in an increase in glucose-mediated insulin secretion and a decrease in glucagon levels.

38
Q

Saxagliptin

A

DPP-4 Inhibitors: Inhibite DPP-IV, an enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones. This results in an increase in glucose-mediated insulin secretion and a decrease in glucagon levels.

39
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 Inhibitors: Inhibite DPP-IV, an enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones. This results in an increase in glucose-mediated insulin secretion and a decrease in glucagon levels.

40
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP-1 Agonists: Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore activity. Results in: potentiation of glucose-mediated insulin secretion, suppression of the postprandial glucagon release and slowed gastric emptying and loss of appetite

41
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 Agonists: Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore activity. Results in: potentiation of glucose-mediated insulin secretion, suppression of the postprandial glucagon release and slowed gastric emptying and loss of appetite

42
Q

Nateglinide

A

Meglitinides: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; Similar to sulfonylureas but bind to a different site on the receptor

43
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitinides: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; Similar to sulfonylureas but bind to a different site on the receptor

44
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylureas: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; this bind to receptors which cause K channels to close and depolarized. This leads to the opening of the VG Ca channels which activates Ca-dependent proteins to lead to the release of insulin.

45
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylureas: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; this bind to receptors which cause K channels to close and depolarized. This leads to the opening of the VG Ca channels which activates Ca-dependent proteins to lead to the release of insulin.

46
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylureas: Stimulate insulin secretion from the Beta cells; this bind to receptors which cause K channels to close and depolarized. This leads to the opening of the VG Ca channels which activates Ca-dependent proteins to lead to the release of insulin.

47
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinediones: Improve whole-body insulin sensitivity by promoting or enhancing the local effects of insulin; Stimulates receptor in adipose tissue - resuling in transcription of a number of insulin-sensitive genes

48
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Thiazolidinediones: Improve whole-body insulin sensitivity by promoting or enhancing the local effects of insulin; Stimulates receptor in adipose tissue - resuling in transcription of a number of insulin-sensitive genes

49
Q

Metformin

A

Other Diabetes Drug: Increases hepatic sensitivity to insulin (which decrease hepatic glucose production) and Increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; and suppresses the oxidation of fatty acids and reduces triglyceride levels

50
Q

Pramlintide

A

Other Diabetes Drug: Delays gastric emptying and decreases glucagon secretion while improving satiety

51
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Glucuretic: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, which prevent reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and increase urinary glucose excretion

52
Q

Empagliflozin

A

Glucuretic: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, which prevent reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and increase urinary glucose excretion

Systemic Pharmacology II (5 decks)

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