Quiz#3- Land Plants

Question 0

Embryophyte

Answer 0

Name given to Land plants because they share the key derived trait of developing from an embryo protected by tissue from parent plant

Question 1

How did land plants arise?

Answer 1

land plants are monophyletic..-from a single ancestor……

Question 2

Vascular plants-aka-tracheophytes

Answer 2

Plants from seven of the 10 major plant clades which have vascular systems that transport materials throughout the plant body…these plants constitute a clade

Question 3

Charales

Answer 3

One of the two groups of green algae which are the two closest relatives of the land plants–both retain their eggs in the parental organism..but of the two, the sister group is the charales.

Question 4

Tracheids

Answer 4

Fluid conducting cells part of the vascular plants(7of the 10 clades) and give rigid structural support.allowing upwardgrowth important to terrestral acquiring of light..these cells are absent in nonvascular plants..it is contained within the xylem

Question 5

Nonvascular plants

Answer 5

Include the liverworts, hornworts,mosses clades)Nonvascular dont contain tracheids(fluid conducting cells).but some have conducting cells…but they must live in water abundant places and dont have a vascular system(transports materials throughout body),.but their growth patterns allows water to move through the mats of plants.and symbiosis relations allow them to live in marginal surfaces..also they dont form a clade..but they are the first colonists in terrestrial environments….THE REPRODUCTION HAPPENS IN SAME PLANT with both female and male sex organs…but it requires water to gor from male to female sowing their descendency form water plants

Question 6

Cuticle

Answer 6

Waxy covering that retards(slows down)water loss…its the most important and earliest of the plant features

Question 7

Spore

Answer 7

a minute, typically one-celled, reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion, characteristic of lower plants, fungi, and protozoans.

Question 8

Gametangia

Answer 8

Multicellular sex organs that enclose plant gametes and prevent them from drying out.

Question 9

Features in vasculat vs nonvascular

Answer 9

Nonvascular dont have tracheids, efficient vascular system, leaves, stens,& roots that characterize vascular although they do have analogous structures….in the nonvascular plants the gametophyte is larger and longerlived, and more sufficient than the sporophyte, which is why its the large green structure of the plant,, while the vascular plants are sporophytes (ferns and seed plants)…dependent on the gametophyte for nutrients and may or may not be photosynthesis…………………..vascular plants have tracheids, vascular system, structural support, and a have evolved an independent sporophyte(so independent from the gametophyte at maturity,,in contrast to the nonvascular sporophyte that is smaller and dependent on gametophyte

Question 10

Features in vasculat vs nonvascular

Answer 10

Nonvascular dont have tracheids, efficient vascular system, leaves, stens,& roots that characterize vascular although they do have analogous structures….in the nonvascular plants the gametophyte is larger and longerlived, and more sufficient than the sporophyte, which is why its the large green structure of the plant,, while the vascular plants are sporophytes (ferns and seed plants)…dependent on the gametophyte for nutrients and may or may not be photosynthesis

Question 12

Sporophyte

Answer 12

Is a spore plant..so it is a multicellular dipliod plant that developed fromthe alernation of generations cycle where the zygote was formed…underwent mitosis and became the sporophyte…the sporophyte generation strectches from the zygote formation to the spore formation

Question 13

Sporangia

Answer 13

Cells contained in the sporangia undergoe meiosis to produce a haploid spore.which then can go on in the cycle to make haploid gametes

Question 14

gametophyte

Answer 14

“gamete plant” a multi-cellular plant that produces haploid gametes by mitosis…which then go on to to fertilize and become a zygote..and then repeat the cycle….the gametophyte generation extends from the spore to the gamete formation.

Question 15

arch(eg)onium

Answer 15

multicellular flask shaped female sex organ with long neck ans swollen base that produces only one egg

Question 16

anth(er)idium

Answer 16

male sex organ where sperm, containing two flagella, are produced…both sex organisms are in same individual

Question 17

xylem

Answer 17

type of vascular tissue that conducts(carrys on) water and minerals from soil to aerial parts of the plant…may also provide support against gravity in the terrestrial environment…it contains the tracheids

Question 18

phloem

Answer 18

vascular tissue that conducts the products of photosynthesis from sites produced/released to sites stored and used.

Question 19

what are the major clades of seedless vascular and nonvascular plants?

Answer 19

club mosses, ferns, whisk ferns, horsetails

Question 20

lycophytes

Answer 20

present day evolutionary descendants of early vascular plants…first appearing in the silurian period, from the rhyniophyte ancestor…this groupd (as do moniphytes) contain new featuresa, roots, leaves, types of spores)

Question 21

monilophytes

Answer 21

also present day evolutionary descendants of early vascular plants…first appeared in the devonin period….this groups+the seed plants=euphylophites

Question 22

rhyniophytes

Answer 22

earliest known vascular plant grousp in the silurian period….on low-lying moist areas…the features in this group provide evidence of nonvascular plant ancestry…but are themsleves long gone

Question 23

microphyll

Answer 23

a leaf type that is usually small and only rarely has more than a single vascular strand departing from the vascular system,(at least in existing plants..and is said to have derived from the sterile sporagia.lycophytes have this leaf type

Question 24

megaphyll

Answer 24

other leaf type found in monophytes and seed plants…so in euphylophites…thought to have arisen from the flatenning of a branching stem with overtopping growth until the branches evolved into veins of the leaves

Question 25

homosporous

Answer 25

plants with a single type of spore and a single type of gametophyte that has both male and female sex organs

Question 26

what are the major clades of seedless vascular and nonvascular plants?

Answer 26

vascular=lycophytes, horsetails, whisk ferns, leptosporangiate ferns(most ferns)…nonvascular=liverworts, mosses, hornworts,

Question 27

liverworts

Answer 27

nonvascular seedless plants that have leafy gametophyteds but have various structures …have a shorter sporophyte than other two clades

Question 28

how many kinds of leafs are there and how did they arise?

Answer 28

microphylls are thought to have evolved from steril sporagis…and metaphylls of monophytes and seed plants may have arisen as photosynthetic tissue developed btw branch pairs that were left behind as dominant branches overtopped them

Question 29

mosses

Answer 29

the most fammiliar of nonvacular seedless plants…small hardly plants found in almost every terrestrial environment..unlike liverwarts have stromata…sopme moss plants are so large they cant transport enough water via diffusion so contain hydroid cells that die to become a channel for water transport…lack xylem and phloem

Question 30

hornworts

Answer 30

are sister to vascular plants in this representation…..their name given bc sporophte looks like little horns..two distinguishing characters—-cells contain platelike chloroplast unlike hte other lens shaped chloroplast,,,,and sporophytes are closest to being capable of limitless growth..have evolved symbiotic relation with cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen