Quiz 3 COPD and asthma Flashcards
How is COPD diagnosed?
By measuring the FEV1/FVC ratio using spirometry
Which of the following changes in the blood would lead to an increase in respiratory rate?
Increased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2)
Which factors contribute to the development of asthma?
Genetic and environmental factors
In the diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, an FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70% typically indicates:
Obstructive lung disease
Which cells are predominantly found in the inflammatory infiltrate of asthma?
Eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages
Which are the main pathological features of COPD?
Obstructive bronchiolitis, emphysema and mucus hypersecretion
What is the primary tigger for acute exacerbations in COPD?
Respiratory viral infections
What is the most common risk factor for the development of COPD?
Cigarette smoking
Which does NOT contribute to the pathophysiology of COPD?
High levels of physical activity
Which cytokines are involved in epithelial damage and repair in asthma?
IL-4, IL-9 and IL-13
What role do environmental allergens play in asthma?
Triggering asthma exacerbations
What is the effect of altitude on oxygen transport in the blood?
Decreased patrial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, leading to reduce hemoglobin saturation
What leads to the chronic inflammation observed in COPD?
Chronic inhalation of irritants like cigarette smoke and air pollutants
How does airway remodeling affect asthma?
Contributes to the chronicity and severity of asthma
How is airflow limitation defined in the context of COPD?
FEV1/FVC ratio of <0.7
Which type of inflammation is most common in asthma?
T2-type inflamation
Which is NOT a feature of the chronic inflamation observed in COPD?
Decreased numbers of macrophages and neutrophils
Which is NOT listed as a pathological feature of COPD?
Pulmonary arteriole dilation
Which cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma?
IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP
What is the role of oxidative stress in COPD?
It contributes to lung injury and inflammation
What is the role of oxidative stress in COPD?
It contributes to the accelerated ageing of lungs
Which intervention is likely to improve FEV1 in a patient with reversible obstructive lung disease?
Administration of a short-acting beta-agonist inhaler
What is asthma characterized by?
Chronic airway inflammation and variable remodeling
During a normal quiet breathing cycle,, the process of expiration is mainly a result of?
Passive recoil of the lungs and chest wall
Which of the following best describes the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?
To decrease the surface tension within alveoil, making it easier for them to expand during inspiration
What is the role of airway epithelial cells in asthma?
Initiating T2-type immune responses
What does FEV1 primarily measure in a pulmonary function test?
The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled in the first second of a breath
