Quiz 3 COPD and asthma

Question 1

How is COPD diagnosed?

Answer 1

By measuring the FEV1/FVC ratio using spirometry

Question 2

Which of the following changes in the blood would lead to an increase in respiratory rate?

Answer 2

Increased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2)

Question 3

Which factors contribute to the development of asthma?

Answer 3

Genetic and environmental factors

Question 4

In the diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, an FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70% typically indicates:

Answer 4

Obstructive lung disease

Question 5

Which cells are predominantly found in the inflammatory infiltrate of asthma?

Answer 5

Eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages

Question 6

Which are the main pathological features of COPD?

Answer 6

Obstructive bronchiolitis, emphysema and mucus hypersecretion

Question 7

What is the primary tigger for acute exacerbations in COPD?

Answer 7

Respiratory viral infections

Question 8

What is the most common risk factor for the development of COPD?

Answer 8

Cigarette smoking

Question 9

Which does NOT contribute to the pathophysiology of COPD?

Answer 9

High levels of physical activity

Question 10

Which cytokines are involved in epithelial damage and repair in asthma?

Answer 10

IL-4, IL-9 and IL-13

Question 11

What role do environmental allergens play in asthma?

Answer 11

Triggering asthma exacerbations

Question 12

What is the effect of altitude on oxygen transport in the blood?

Answer 12

Decreased patrial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, leading to reduce hemoglobin saturation

Question 13

What leads to the chronic inflammation observed in COPD?

Answer 13

Chronic inhalation of irritants like cigarette smoke and air pollutants

Question 14

How does airway remodeling affect asthma?

Answer 14

Contributes to the chronicity and severity of asthma

Question 15

How is airflow limitation defined in the context of COPD?

Answer 15

FEV1/FVC ratio of <0.7

Question 16

Which type of inflammation is most common in asthma?

Answer 16

T2-type inflamation

Question 17

Which is NOT a feature of the chronic inflamation observed in COPD?

Answer 17

Decreased numbers of macrophages and neutrophils

Question 18

Which is NOT listed as a pathological feature of COPD?

Answer 18

Pulmonary arteriole dilation

Question 19

Which cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma?

Answer 19

IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP

Question 20

What is the role of oxidative stress in COPD?

Answer 20

It contributes to lung injury and inflammation

Question 21

What is the role of oxidative stress in COPD?

Answer 21

It contributes to the accelerated ageing of lungs

Question 22

Which intervention is likely to improve FEV1 in a patient with reversible obstructive lung disease?

Answer 22

Administration of a short-acting beta-agonist inhaler

Question 23

What is asthma characterized by?

Answer 23

Chronic airway inflammation and variable remodeling

Question 24

During a normal quiet breathing cycle,, the process of expiration is mainly a result of?

Answer 24

Passive recoil of the lungs and chest wall

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?

Answer 25

To decrease the surface tension within alveoil, making it easier for them to expand during inspiration

Question 26

What is the role of airway epithelial cells in asthma?

Answer 26

Initiating T2-type immune responses

Question 27

What does FEV1 primarily measure in a pulmonary function test?

Answer 27

The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled in the first second of a breath