QUIZ 3: CHAPTER 40: NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY WHEN A CHILD HAS A RESPIRATORY DISORDER

Question 1

Components of Assessing Respiratory Function

Answer 1

Rate
Depth
Ease
Labored breathing
Rhythm

Question 2

Other observations Evidence of infection

Answer 2

Cough
Wheeze
Cyanosis
Chest pain
Sputum
Bad Breath

Question 3

Respiratory system in kids vs adults

Answer 3

Ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses present at birth
Frontal (& sphenoidal) sinuses do not develop until 6-8 yrs old
Normal to have enlarged tonsillar tissue in school age

Question 4

swelling/ obstruction has much higher resistance
Infants have larger occiputs resulting in obstructed airways
High risk for airway obstruction due to high laxity from
underdeveloped cartilage & non compliant chest wall

Answer 4

Infant airway

Question 5

Infants are nose breathers until…

Answer 5

→ 6 months old and may result to nasal obstruction which can lead to respiratory distress

Question 6

First sign of respiratory distress:
____ is number 1, then nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, gasping for breath

Answer 6

Tachypnea

Question 7

helps to clear mucus

Answer 7

productive/nonproductive;

Question 8

refers to a series of expiratory coughs after a deep inspiration (common in whooping cough)

Answer 8

Paroxysmal coughing

Question 9

(vomit after cough)

Answer 9

Posttussive emesis

Question 10

What is the most common respiratory illness in children?

Answer 10

Asthma
Common cold

Question 11

warm/cold moisture added to air
Caution parents w/ warm ___ can cause harm if child touches it (burn)
Clean thoroughly (mold or bacterial growth)

Answer 11

Humidification

Question 12

: handheld; provide steam of air into respiratory tract covers nose & mouth

Answer 12

Nebulizer

Question 13

mask and nose piece, young children resist due to mask over face (provide distraction)

Answer 13

Metered dose inhaler

Question 14

Used to remove mucus from lungs; stainless steel ball that moves when child breathes in and out to loosen mucus in lungs to move up airway (thru vibrations) and expectorate

Answer 14

Mucus clearing device (flutter device)

Question 15

Changing child’s position to help move mucus to initiate a cough reflex thus preventing mucus from pooling in an area

Answer 15

Chest physiotherapy

Question 16

position client to have gravity assist with clearing secretions

Answer 16

Postural drainage

Question 17

: striking cup or curved palm against chest (causes thumping) but no pain

Answer 17

Percussion

Question 18

: vibrating hand during exhalation to loosen mucus, may be done by vibration vest or mechanical vibrator

Answer 18

Vibration

Question 19

is a very common condition involving inflammation of the nasal passages and throat. It is another name for the common cold

Answer 19

Nasopharyngitis

Question 20

is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx. In most cases, it is caused by an infection, either bacterial or viral.

Answer 20

Pharyngitis

Question 21

Back of the throat and palatine tonsils are usually markedly erythematous (bright red).

Answer 21

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Question 22

is inflammation of the tonsils. It’s usually caused by a viral infection or, less commonly, a bacterial infection.

Answer 22

Tonsillitis

Question 23

is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, cough (usually dry), headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise (feeling unwell), sore throat and a runny nose. The cough can be severe and can last 2 or more weeks.

Answer 23

Seasonal influenza

Question 24

is inflammation or infection located in the middle ear. Otitis media can occur as a result of a cold, sore throat, or respiratory infection

Answer 24

Otitis media

Question 25

is a congenital narrowing of the back of the nasal cavity that causes difficulty breathing. It is rare, occurring in approximately 1 in 7,000 live births, and is seen more often in females than in males.

Answer 25

Choanal atresia

Question 26

(nosebleed) is one of the most common ear, nose, and throat (ENT) emergencies that present to the emergency room or primary care. There are two types of nosebleeds: anterior (more common), and posterior (less common, but more likely to require medical attention).

Answer 26

Epistaxis

Question 27

is a congenital softening of the tissues of the larynx (voice box) above the vocal cords. This is the most common cause of noisy breathing in infancy.
The laryngeal structure is malformed and floppy, causing the tissues to fall over the airway opening and partially block it.

Answer 27

Laryngomalacia

Question 28

is characterized by a “seal-like barking” cough, stridor, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing, which typically becomes worse at night.
Agitation worsens the stridor, and it can be heard at rest.

Answer 28

Croup

Question 29

is an inflammation of the vocal fold mucosa and larynx that lasts less than 3 weeks. When the etiology of acute laryngitis is infectious, white blood cells remove microorganisms during the healing process. The vocal folds then become more edematous, and vibration is adversely affected.

Answer 29

Acute laryngitis

Question 30

is an invasive exudative bacterial infection of the tissues of the trachea. In some cases, there is involvement of the sumo laryngeal structures, extension into the upper bronchial tree, or associated pneumonia.

Answer 30

Bacterial tracheitis

Question 31

happens when the epiglottis — a small cartilage “lid” that covers the windpipe - swells. The swelling blocks the flow of air into the lungs. Epiglottitis can be deadly. Many factors can cause the epiglottis to swell. These factors include infections, burns from hot liquids and injuries to the throat.

Answer 31

Epiglottitis

Question 32

is an infection of the main airways of the lungs (bronchi), causing them to become irritated and inflamed.
The main symptom is a cough, which may bring up yellow-grayP mucus (phlegm). Bronchitis may also cause a sore throat and wheezing

Answer 32

Bronchitis

Question 33

causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. It’s so common that most children have been infected with the virus by age 2. Respiratory syncytial (sin-SISH-ul) virus can also infect. is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. Most people recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious, especially for infants and older adults.

Answer 33

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 34

is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath

Answer 34

Asthma

Question 35

is chronic dilatation and plugging of the bronchi. It may follow pneumonia, aspiration of a foreign body, pertussis, or asthma.
It is a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection. The most common symptoms of bronchiectasis include: a persistent cough that usually brings up phlegm (sputum) shortness of breath.

Answer 35

BRONCHIECTASIS

Question 36

Under ordinary circumstances, an asthma attack responds readily to the aerosol administration of a bronchodilator such as albuterol, terbutaline, levalbuterol (Xopenex), or salmeterol (Serevent).

Answer 36

STATUS ASTHMATICUS

Question 37

is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Answer 37

Pneumonia

Question 38

This affects one or more sections (lobes) of the lungs.

Answer 38

Lobar pneumonia.

Question 39

This affects patches throughout both lungs.

Answer 39

Bronchial pneumonia (or bronchopneumonia)

Question 40

occurs either in the community setting or within the first 48 hours after hospitalization.

Answer 40

Community-Acquired Pneumonia
CAP

Question 41

is also called nosocomial pneumonia and is defined as the onset of pneumonia symptoms more than 48 hours after admission in patients with no evidence of infection at the time of admission.

Answer 41

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
HAP

Question 42

refers to the pulmonary consequences resulting from entry of endogenous or exogenous substances into the lower airway.

Answer 42

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 43

This is caused by various bacteria. The streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterium that causes bacterial pneumonia.
Many other bacteria may cause bacterial pneumonia including:
Group B streptococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Group A streptococcus
Pneumococcal

Answer 43

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 44

This is caused by various viruses, including the following:
Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV (most commonly seen in children under age 5)
Parainfluenza virus
Influenza virus
Adenovirus

Answer 44

Viral pneumonia

Question 45

This presents somewhat different symptoms and physical signs than other types of pneumonia.
They generally cause a mild, widespread pneumonia that affects all age groups but more commonly in older children.

Answer 45

Mycoplasma pneumonia.