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Physiology I Midterm > Quiz 3: ACh and NE > Flashcards

Quiz 3: ACh and NE Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following may inhibit/reduce the effect of Ach after it is released in the synaptic cleft?

(2 answers)

A
  • Blockade of cholinergic receptors by cholinergic antagonists
  • Desensitization of postsynaptic cholinergic receptors
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2
Q

The direct effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles involves an increase in intracellular:

(2 answers)

A
  • Ca2+
  • IP3
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3
Q

The direct effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles leads to?

A

vasoconstriction

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4
Q

In the heart, activation of which receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity?

A

M2

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5
Q

Atropine induces mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) through which of the following receptors?

A

M3

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6
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be used for treatment of following diseases or symptoms: (4)

A
  • Myasthenia gravis (MG)
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Paralysis induced by d-tubocurarine
  • Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)

Is NOT used for treatment of:

  • Schizophrenia
  • Depression
  • Nicotine addiction
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Paralysis induced by succinylcholine
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7
Q

Ganglionic blockers inhibit? (3)

A
  • Inhibit neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal medulla
  • Inhibit postganglionic neurons
  • Inhibit chromaffin cells
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8
Q

Ganglionic blockers are?

A

N2 antagonists

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9
Q

The indirect effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles would lead to

A

vasodilation

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10
Q

The indirect effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles involves an increase in
intracellular ___ in vascular smooth muscles.

(2 answers)

A
  • NO
  • cGMP
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11
Q

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the termination of Ach action after Ach is released in the synaptic cleft?

A

Enzymatic degradation by cholinesterase

Enzymatic degradation by acetylcholinesterase

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12
Q

Which of the following is the predominant neurotransmitter at both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia?

A

Ach

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13
Q

Which of the following receptors are coupled to Gi protein?

A

M4

M2

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14
Q

Benztropine reduces antipsychotic drug- induced EPS by binding to which of the following receptors?

A

Muscarinic

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15
Q

Activation which of the following receptors inhibits cardiac muscle cells?

A

M2

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16
Q

Which of the following receptors are coupled to Gq protein?

A

M1

M3

M5

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17
Q

The indirect effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles is mediated through ____?_____ receptors on endothelial cells.

A

M3

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18
Q

Ach has both a direct and an indirect effect on vascular smooth muscles. The direct effect is mediated through which of the following receptors?

A

M3

19
Q

Activation of which of following receptors in the adrenal medulla induces secretion of epinephrine?

A

N2 or NN

Note: N2 are cholinergic receptors and nicotinic (Ligand-Gated channels) - found in neurons and adrenal medulla

20
Q

Which of the following receptors are found on skeletal muscles?

A

N1

21
Q

In smooth muscle and glandular tissue, Ach binds to what receptor, leading to the IP3, DAG cascade?

A

M3

22
Q

Smoked or pickled fish contains high levels of tyramine and should be avoided when taking

A

MAOA inhibitors

23
Q

Adrenergic neurons synthesize and release what neurotransmitters?

(2)

A
  • Norepinephrine
  • Epinephrine
24
Q

Phenylephrine induces mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) through which of the following receptors?

A

α1

25
Q

Which of the following WOULD BE expected to enhance NE transmission?

(4 answers)

A
  • COMT inhibitors
  • MAO inhibitors
  • NET reuptake blockers
  • Blockade of α2 autoreceptors

These DO NOT enhance NE transmission:

  • AADC inhibitor
  • TH inhibitors
  • Ca2+ channel blocker
  • Reserpine
26
Q

Adrenergic α2 receptors ____1____adenylyl cyclase

β receptors ____2____adenylyl cyclase.

A
  1. Inhibit
  2. Stimulate
27
Q

What is synthesized in adrenergic neurons?

(4 answers)

A
  • DA
  • Adrenaline
  • L-DOPA
  • Noradrenaline

(Except Tyrosine)

28
Q

Which of the following receptors are found on vascular smooth muscle cells?

A

M3

29
Q

Which of the following areas contain cell bodies of adrenergic neurons?

(3)

A
  • Sympathetic ganglia
  • Autonomic ganglia
  • Locus coeruleus
30
Q

MAOA** preferentially metabolizes (1)

MAOB** preferentially metabolizes (2)

A

(1) NE and 5-HT
(2) DA

31
Q

What types of adrenergic receptors are found on adrenergic neurons?

A

α2

32
Q

Which of the following drugs blocks VMAT?

A

Reserpine

Note:

Induces depression by depletes 5-HT, NE, and DA

33
Q

Which of the following is an action of a TCA? (2)

Note: TCAs (Imipramine and Desipramine) are reuptake inhibitors for antidepressants. TCAs are one of the therapies for mood disorders.

A
  1. Block NET
  2. Block 5-HT2 receptors
34
Q

Epinephrine binds to (6)

A
  • epinephrine receptors
  • adrenaline receptors
  • norepinephrine receptors
  • noradrenaline receptors
  • noradrenergic receptors
  • adrenergic receptors

(ALL the ABOVE)

35
Q

When they are activated, what effects do autoreceptors produce on adrenergic neurons? (4)

A
  • Inhibit adenylyl cyclase
  • Inhibit NE synthesis
  • Inhibit NE release
  • Open K+ channels

(ALL the ABOVE)

36
Q

VMAT is present in (6)

Hint: which neurons, which systems, which cells?

A
  • Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
  • DA neurons
  • NE neurons
  • 5-HT neurons
  • CNS and PNS
  • Chromaffin cells

VMAT IS NOT PRESENT IN:

  • parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
  • parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
  • sympathetic preganglionic neurons
  • Ach neurons
  • GABA neurons
37
Q

Current drug therapies for mood disorders include: (4)

A
  • SSRIs
  • TCAs (Tricyclic antidepressants)
  • MAOIs
  • Mixed 5-HT/NE uptake inhibitors
    • example 1: Imipramine is an antidepressant that blocks 5-HT transporters and blocks NE transporters
    • example 2: Iproniazid is an antidepressant that inhibits MAO
  • THESE ARE NOT CURRENT DRUG THERAPIES FOR MOOD DISORDERS:*
  • Selective NE uptake inhibitors
  • Selective DAT inhibitors
  • DA agonists
  • DA antagonists
  • Amphetamine
  • Atomoxetine
  • Adrenergic receptor agonists
  • Cocaine
  • MAOB inhibitors
38
Q

Activation of β receptors increases intracellular cAMP levels. This increase leads to ______ contraction and ____ relaxation.

A

Cardiac muscle; smooth muscle

39
Q

Which of the following receptors is primarily responsible for NE/E-induced vascular smooth muscle relaxation?

A

β2

40
Q

Which of the following receptors is primarily responsible for NE/E-induced increases in heart rate and contraction?

A

β1

41
Q

Both amphetamine and the non- psychostimulant ADHD drug atomoxetine bind to

A

NET

42
Q

Which of the following receptors are found on vascular smooth muscle cells?

(4 answers)

A
  • α1
  • α2
  • β2
  • D1
43
Q

Smoked or pickled fish contains high levels of tyramine and should be avoided when taking

A

MAOA** inhibitors

Physiology I Midterm (4 decks)

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