Quiz 3: ACh and NE Flashcards
Which of the following may inhibit/reduce the effect of Ach after it is released in the synaptic cleft?
(2 answers)
- Blockade of cholinergic receptors by cholinergic antagonists
- Desensitization of postsynaptic cholinergic receptors
The direct effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles involves an increase in intracellular:
(2 answers)
- Ca2+
- IP3
The direct effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles leads to?
vasoconstriction
In the heart, activation of which receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity?
M2
Atropine induces mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) through which of the following receptors?
M3
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be used for treatment of following diseases or symptoms: (4)
- Myasthenia gravis (MG)
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Paralysis induced by d-tubocurarine
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
Is NOT used for treatment of:
- Schizophrenia
- Depression
- Nicotine addiction
- Parkinson’s disease
- Paralysis induced by succinylcholine
Ganglionic blockers inhibit? (3)
- Inhibit neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal medulla
- Inhibit postganglionic neurons
- Inhibit chromaffin cells
Ganglionic blockers are?
N2 antagonists
The indirect effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles would lead to
vasodilation
The indirect effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles involves an increase in
intracellular ___ in vascular smooth muscles.
(2 answers)
- NO
- cGMP
Which of the following is primarily responsible for the termination of Ach action after Ach is released in the synaptic cleft?
Enzymatic degradation by cholinesterase
Enzymatic degradation by acetylcholinesterase
Which of the following is the predominant neurotransmitter at both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia?
Ach
Which of the following receptors are coupled to Gi protein?
M4
M2
Benztropine reduces antipsychotic drug- induced EPS by binding to which of the following receptors?
Muscarinic
Activation which of the following receptors inhibits cardiac muscle cells?
M2
Which of the following receptors are coupled to Gq protein?
M1
M3
M5
The indirect effect of Ach on vascular smooth muscles is mediated through ____?_____ receptors on endothelial cells.
M3
Ach has both a direct and an indirect effect on vascular smooth muscles. The direct effect is mediated through which of the following receptors?
M3
Activation of which of following receptors in the adrenal medulla induces secretion of epinephrine?
N2 or NN
Note: N2 are cholinergic receptors and nicotinic (Ligand-Gated channels) - found in neurons and adrenal medulla
Which of the following receptors are found on skeletal muscles?
N1
In smooth muscle and glandular tissue, Ach binds to what receptor, leading to the IP3, DAG cascade?
M3
Smoked or pickled fish contains high levels of tyramine and should be avoided when taking
MAOA inhibitors
Adrenergic neurons synthesize and release what neurotransmitters?
(2)
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
Phenylephrine induces mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) through which of the following receptors?
α1
Which of the following WOULD BE expected to enhance NE transmission?
(4 answers)
- COMT inhibitors
- MAO inhibitors
- NET reuptake blockers
- Blockade of α2 autoreceptors
These DO NOT enhance NE transmission:
- AADC inhibitor
- TH inhibitors
- Ca2+ channel blocker
- Reserpine
Adrenergic α2 receptors ____1____adenylyl cyclase
β receptors ____2____adenylyl cyclase.
- Inhibit
- Stimulate
What is synthesized in adrenergic neurons?
(4 answers)
- DA
- Adrenaline
- L-DOPA
- Noradrenaline
(Except Tyrosine)
Which of the following receptors are found on vascular smooth muscle cells?
M3
Which of the following areas contain cell bodies of adrenergic neurons?
(3)
- Sympathetic ganglia
- Autonomic ganglia
- Locus coeruleus
MAOA** preferentially metabolizes (1)
MAOB** preferentially metabolizes (2)
(1) NE and 5-HT
(2) DA
What types of adrenergic receptors are found on adrenergic neurons?
α2
Which of the following drugs blocks VMAT?
Reserpine
Note:
Induces depression by depletes 5-HT, NE, and DA
Which of the following is an action of a TCA? (2)
Note: TCAs (Imipramine and Desipramine) are reuptake inhibitors for antidepressants. TCAs are one of the therapies for mood disorders.
- Block NET
- Block 5-HT2 receptors
Epinephrine binds to (6)
- epinephrine receptors
- adrenaline receptors
- norepinephrine receptors
- noradrenaline receptors
- noradrenergic receptors
- adrenergic receptors
(ALL the ABOVE)
When they are activated, what effects do autoreceptors produce on adrenergic neurons? (4)
- Inhibit adenylyl cyclase
- Inhibit NE synthesis
- Inhibit NE release
- Open K+ channels
(ALL the ABOVE)
VMAT is present in (6)
Hint: which neurons, which systems, which cells?
- Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
- DA neurons
- NE neurons
- 5-HT neurons
- CNS and PNS
- Chromaffin cells
VMAT IS NOT PRESENT IN:
- parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
- parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
- sympathetic preganglionic neurons
- Ach neurons
- GABA neurons
Current drug therapies for mood disorders include: (4)
- SSRIs
- TCAs (Tricyclic antidepressants)
- MAOIs
- Mixed 5-HT/NE uptake inhibitors
- example 1: Imipramine is an antidepressant that blocks 5-HT transporters and blocks NE transporters
- example 2: Iproniazid is an antidepressant that inhibits MAO
- THESE ARE NOT CURRENT DRUG THERAPIES FOR MOOD DISORDERS:*
- Selective NE uptake inhibitors
- Selective DAT inhibitors
- DA agonists
- DA antagonists
- Amphetamine
- Atomoxetine
- Adrenergic receptor agonists
- Cocaine
- MAOB inhibitors
Activation of β receptors increases intracellular cAMP levels. This increase leads to ______ contraction and ____ relaxation.
Cardiac muscle; smooth muscle
Which of the following receptors is primarily responsible for NE/E-induced vascular smooth muscle relaxation?
β2
Which of the following receptors is primarily responsible for NE/E-induced increases in heart rate and contraction?
β1
Both amphetamine and the non- psychostimulant ADHD drug atomoxetine bind to
NET
Which of the following receptors are found on vascular smooth muscle cells?
(4 answers)
- α1
- α2
- β2
- D1
Smoked or pickled fish contains high levels of tyramine and should be avoided when taking
MAOA** inhibitors
