Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology I Midterm > Quiz 2: Neurons, Muscles, CNS, PNS, ANS, and BBB > Flashcards

Quiz 2: Neurons, Muscles, CNS, PNS, ANS, and BBB Flashcards

1
Q

In what way are cardiac and skeletal muscles similar?

5

A

Both have troponin complexes.

Both have striations.

Both express L-type channels on the cell membrane.

Both require the action potential to trigger contraction.

Both are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following is a direct result of depolarization of presynaptic terminal?

A

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the membrane open.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells differ in what way?

A

Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS, whereas Schwann cells are found in the PNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At a chemical synapse, an action potential arriving at the presynaptic terminal triggers the release of transmitters by (3)

A

Activating voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

Depolarizing the presynaptic terminal.

Triggering exocytosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding smooth muscles?

(1)

A

Unlike skeletal muscles, they do not have troponin complexes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding smooth muscles?

(2)

A

They are under the influence of both cholinergic and adrenergic nerve terminals.

Action potentials are not always required to initiate contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The binding sites for the cross-bridges are located on (2)

A

Actin

Myosin head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What structure does calcium bind to when smooth muscle contraction is initiated?

A

Calmodulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following statements are true?

A. The SR is the only source of Ca2+ ions.

B. There are different forms of myosin and virtually all eukaryotic cells contain myosin.

C. Troponins are regulatory proteins on the thin filament.

D. When myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity is greater than myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity, cross-bridge cycling can occur.

E. An increase in cytosol Ca2+ is always required for muscle contraction.

A

B. There are different forms of myosin and virtually all eukaryotic cells contain myosin.

C. Troponins are regulatory proteins on the thin filament.

D. When myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity is greater than myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity, cross-bridge cycling can occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cross bridges form between?

A

actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following statements are true?

A. Gap junctions are found on cardiac and smooth muscles, but not on skeletal muscles.

B. Ach always excites muscle cells and causes muscle contraction.

C. All nerve terminals innervating muscle cells release Ach

D. Muscle relaxation always occurs as Ca2+ is removed from the cytosol.

E. Binding of IP3 to ligand-gated Ca2+ channels causes Ca2+ release from the SR.

F. Gap junctions are found on cardiac muscles, but not skeletal and smooth muscles.

A

A. Gap junctions are found on cardiac and smooth muscles, but not on skeletal muscles.

E. Binding of IP3 to ligand-gated Ca2+ channels causes Ca2+ release from the SR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The troponin/tropomyosin complex is associated directly with which of the following? (2)

A

Actin

The thin filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When transmitters bind to their receptors, they may

A. Hyperpolarize postsynaptic neurons

B. Produce changes in 2nd messengers

C. Produce no effect on the membrane potential

D. Depolarize postsynaptic neurons

E. Alter gene expression

F. Decrease presynaptic transmitter release

G. Increase presynaptic transmitter release

A

All of the choices are correct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

3

A

An excitatory synapse.

A cholinergic synapse.

A synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following may lead to an inhibition of synaptic transmission?

A. Blockade of the enzymes responsible for degradation of the transmitter

B. Uptake of the transmitters into postsynaptic neurons

C. Inhibition of the transport of the transmitter into synaptic vesicles

D. Reuptake of the transmitter into presynaptic terminals

E. Uptake of the transmitters into glia cells

F. Hyperpolarization of presynaptic neurons

G. Blockade of postsynaptic receptors

H. Blockade of Ca2+ channels on the presynaptic terminal

I. Blockade signaling pathways linked to postsynaptic receptors

J. Blockade of the interaction between v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs

K. Inhibition of the synthesis of the transmitter

L. Hyperpolarization of postsynaptic neurons

M. Blockade of Na+ channels on the presynaptic terminal

N. Blockade of K+ channels on the presynaptic terminal

A

A. NOT CORRECT

B. NOT CORRECT

C. Inhibition of the transport of the transmitter into synaptic vesicles

D. Reuptake of the transmitter into presynaptic terminals

E. Uptake of the transmitters into glia cells

F. Hyperpolarization of presynaptic neurons

G. Blockade of postsynaptic receptors

H. Blockade of Ca2+ channels on the presynaptic terminal

I. Blockade signaling pathways linked to postsynaptic receptors

J. Blockade of the interaction between v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs

K. Inhibition of the synthesis of the transmitter

L. NOT CORRECT

M. Blockade of Na+ channels on the presynaptic terminal

N. NOT CORRECT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

After a transmitter is released into the synaptic cleft, which of the following may terminate the action of the transmitter?
(3)

A

Uptake of the transmitter into the presynaptic terminal

Enzymatic degradation of the transmitter

Diffusion of the transmitter away from the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which type of muscle tissue are found in the walls of hollow visceral organs such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages

A

smooth

18
Q

The thalamus is part of the? (4)

A

Motor system

Sensory System

Extrapyramidal system

Diencephalon

19
Q

In the ANS, adrenergic neurons are? (3)

A

Neurons expressing adrenergic receptors

Neurons expressing nicotinic receptors

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons

20
Q

Which of the following is believed to be due to dysfunction of the basal ganglia? (4)

A

Antipsychotic drug- induced EPS

Huntington’s disease

Parkinson’s Disease

Tourette’s syndrome

21
Q

The sympathetic nervous system contains part of the?

A. PNS

B. ANS division of the CNS

C. ANS division of the PNS

D. CNS

E. ANS

F. Cranial nerves

G. Spinal nerves

A

A. PNS

B. ANS division of the CNS

C. ANS division of the PNS

D. CNS

E. ANS

F. NOT CORRECT

G. Spinal nerves

22
Q

A primary function of the basal ganglia is

A

movement control

23
Q

The basal ganglia are part of the

A

extrapyramidal system

24
Q

Which of the following activities would be associated with or is an effect of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system? (9)

A
  • erection or sexual arousal
  • rest, digestion, defecation
  • lacrimation

also SLOWS DOWN:

  • blood to skeletal muscle
  • breathing
  • heart rate

DOES NOT have anything to do with:

  • speeding up ejaculation,
  • slowing down the urinary system
  • increased metabolic rate, increased respiration, or fight or flight, sweating
  • release of E only
  • release of NE and E
  • release of both Ach and E
25
Q

Which of the following is believed to involve dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex?

A. Sleep disorder

B. Obsessive compulsive disorder

C. Posttraumatic stress

D. Mania

E. Bipolar disorder

F. Anxiety

A

All of the answers are correct

26
Q

Almost all sensory input passes through which of the following before reaching the cortex.

A

Thalamus

27
Q

Which of the following is Not a substrate of LAT1?

A. Claritin

B. L-dopa

C. Dopamine

D. Serotonin (5-HT)

E. Tyrosine

F. Norepinephrine

A

A. Claritin

B. (L-dopa is a SUBSTRATE of LAT1)

C. Dopamine

D. Serotonin (5-HT)

E. (Tyrosine is a SUBSTRATE of LAT1)

F. Norepinephrine

28
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system? (6)

A
  • pupil dilation
  • speed up breathing and heart rate
  • speed up blood to the brain
  • fight and flight responses
  • slow down reproductive system

(does not have anything to do with defecation or speeding up blood to the digestive system)

29
Q

What is the other name for the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Craniosacral

30
Q

Which of the following structures does not belong to the limbic system?

A. Subthalamic Nucleus
B. Broca's area
C. Pons
D. Medulla oblongata
E. Wernicke's area
A

All of the answers are correct

Note limbic structures ARE: Nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus

31
Q

What is a possible result of a lesion to the hippocampus?

A

The patient is no longer able to form new memories.

32
Q

What is the other name for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Thoracolumbar

33
Q

The basal ganglia are part of the (2)

A

Motor system

Telencephalon

34
Q

In the ANS, adrenergic neurons are stimulated by?

A

cholinergic nerve terminals

35
Q

When given intravenously, heroin is more effective than morphine in producing the μ receptor-mediated CNS effect because (2)

A

morphine is more hydrophilic than heroin.

heroin is more lipid-soluble than morphine.

36
Q

Which of the following structures does not belong to the limbic system?

A. Cerebral cortex

B. Nucleus accumbens

C. Globus pallidus

D. Prefrontal cortex

E. Cerebellum

A

A. Cerebral cortex

B. (Nucleus accumbens DOES belong to the limbic system)

C. Globus pallidus

D. Prefrontal cortex

E. Cerebellum

(Note other limbic structures: amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus)

37
Q

Imodium is a μ receptor agonist, but it does not produce morphine-like CNS effects because

A

Imodium is quickly removed from the brain by ABC transporters

38
Q

Which of the following structures does not belong to the limbic system?

A. Hypothalamus
B. Amygdala
C. Striatum
D. Hippocampus

A

C. Striatum

39
Q

Which of the following is believed to involve dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex?

A. Mood disorders

B. Schizophrenia

C. Addictive disorders

E. ADHD

F. Depression

A

All of the answers are correct

40
Q

Which of the following is NOT a substrate of LAT1?

A. Morphine

B. 5-hydroxytryptophen

C. Imodium

D. Benadryl

E. Carbidopa

F. Heroin

G. Tryptophan

A

A. Morphine

B. (5-hydroxytryptophen is a SUBSTRATE of LAT1)

C. Imodium

D. Benadryl

E. Carbidopa

F. Heroin

G. (Tryptophan is a is a SUBSTRATE of LAT1)

41
Q

Neurons send signals directly from the CNS to muscles are

A

motor neurons

Physiology I Midterm (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions