Quiz 3 Flashcards
Chance
This term is used to represent the percentage of time a specific result is expected to occur when the same basic procedure is repeated over and over again, where each repetition is independent.
Frequency Theory
A theory used to define “chance” as it relates to chance processes that can be continuously repeated under the same conditions with the same possible outcomes for every repetition.
Abraham De Moriave
One of the early founders of the formal study of the frequency theory of chance who wrote the book “The Doctrine of Chances.”
Unconditional Chance
When NO conditions are put on previous outcomes in the consideration of the chance of a later outcome.
Conditional Chance
When the chance of a later outcome puts a condition on a previous outcome.
Multiplication Rule
The rule of chance that states, “The chance that both of two things happen is the chance the first will happen multiplied by the chance the second will happen given that the first happened.”
Independent
The term used to describe two outcomes where each always maintains the same chance of happening, whether or not the other has happened.
Dependent
The term used to describe two outcomes where the chance of each happening changes depending on whether or not the other has happened.
Probabilist
A mathematician who specializes in computing probabilities of complex events.
Mutually Exclusive
A term we use to indicate two things where the occurrence of one of the things means the other thing cannot happen.
Addition Rule
A rule of chance that states, “To find the chance that at least one of two things will happen, check to see if they are mutually exclusive and if they are, add the chances.”
The Paradox of Chevalier De Mere
A contradiction from the seventeenth century where the chance of obtaining at least one outcome on a die or a pair of dice was overestimated.
Ie Subtraction Rule
Chance of something - chance of opposite thing happening
P(event)= 1 - P(opposite of evnet)
Key Words
At least one
Not all
Subtraction rule
Key Words (Opposites) need to find the chance of all or none to use subtraction rule
All —- Not all
None — At least 1
