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Public Health > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiology has been called ________ __________

A

“population medicine”

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2
Q

___________– “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems”

A

Epidemiology

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3
Q

_________ _________– diseases that occur regularly in a population as a matter of course (always there)

A

Endemic Diseases

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4
Q

__________– An unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event in a particular population

A

Epidemic

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5
Q

How many numbers of cases have been confirmed for HIV/AIDS?

A

944,305

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6
Q

How many numbers of cases have been confirmed for Lyme disease ?

A

222,350

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7
Q

_________– outbreak of disease that begins in animals and spreads to humans

A

Epizootic

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8
Q

__________– outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent (flu pandemic of 1918-19 killed 25 million people worldwide)

A

Pandemic

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9
Q

300 B.C.: __________, “Father of Medicine,” suggested a relationship between disease & environment

A

Hippocrates

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10
Q

_______– the number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time; THREE categories–natality (birth), morbidity (sickness), & mortality or fatality (death) rates

A

Rates

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11
Q

_______ _______– the number of new health-related events or cases of a disease in a population exposed to that risk in a given time period

A

Incidence rate

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12
Q

________ ______– calculated by dividing all current cases of a disease (old & new) by the total population at risk in a given time period

A

Prevalence rate

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13
Q

_______ _______– those that last three months or longer (insidious onset, moderate manifestations, incomplete recovery)

A

Chronic diseases

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14
Q

The cumulative incidence of infection in a group during an epidemic / number of people exposed

A

Attack rate

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15
Q

Prevalence Rates are influenced by:
• IncidenceRate
• Durationofillness
P = Incid x Mean _________

A

Duration

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16
Q

Proportionate Mortality Ratio (PMR) = # of death due to x cause/ total # of death
– expressed as %
– NOT a ______

A

rate

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17
Q

_________ ________ _______ ________– the electronic reporting system used by state health departments and CDC

A

National Electronic Telecommunications System (NETS)

18
Q

Medical Board of California has made failure to report in a timely manner a citable offense under California Business & Professions Code (Section 2234), “__________ _________”

A

Unprofessional Conduct.

19
Q

-_________ _______ ______vaccines such as measles, mumps, rubella, polio, and yellow fever

A

Live attenuated viral

20
Q

______ or ________ viral vaccines such as influenza, hepatitis B, and rabies

A

Killed

fractionated

21
Q

Killed or fractionated _________ vaccines

as H. influenza type B, cholera, and typhoid fever

A

bacterial

22
Q

_______-is a modified bacterial toxin that has been rendered non-toxic but retains the ability to stimulate the formation of antitoxin.

A

Toxoid

23
Q

Commonly used toxoids include _________ and ______ toxoids.

A

diphtheria

tetanus

24
Q

_______ ________-Portrays the spread of a communicable disease within a group based on the percentages of susceptible and immune individuals in the group. Epidemics or outbreaks of disease occur when the proportion of susceptible individuals is high and disappear as the proportion of immune individuals increases.

A

Herd immunity

25
Q

Pneumonia & influenza, TB, diarrhea

A

1900

26
Q

Heart disease, cancer, stroke

A

2007

27
Q 
There are 4 types of epidemiological studies:
1- Descriptive studies
2- Analytical studies
a. Prospective studies (cohort)
b. Retrospective studies (case control)
3- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ studies
A

Experimental

28
Q

Who, when, where is used in what kind of study?

A

Descriptive Studies

29
Q

Point source epidemic: an epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases which all can be traced to a single source. Includes the __________ period, which is the period of time between exposure to an infectious agent and the onset of symptoms.

A

incubation

30
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGIC VARIABLES, there are 3 categories: Time, _______, Place

A

Person

31
Q

long period, secular, ______

A

Years

32
Q

moderate, seasonal variations, ______

A

Months

33
Q

short, epidemic situations, ______ {Epidemic Curve}

A

Days

34
Q 
• \_\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_ (pointsource) epidemic curve
 – rapid rise & fall
– all fall within one I.P.
– caused by common source at
14 one point in time 12
A

TYPE-I

35
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_  \_\_\_-(propagated) epidemic curve
– cases occur over more than one I.P.
– Shape of curve suggest
• or continuing 0 common source
• P-P transmission
A

Type 2

36
Q

______ study (prospective study): one in which a cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors and observed to determine the rates at which disease develops in each group

A

Cohort

37
Q

Disadvantages of prospective (cohort) studies:
1- ________
2- take many years to complete
3- not very useful for studying ____ diseases (maynot develop in the cohort)

A

expensive

rare

38
Q

Experimental studies are used:
–To determine the effectiveness of a new vaccine, therapeutic drug, or surgical procedure
– A study carried out under controlled conditions; with 3 principals:
1. Control group (receiving _____)
2. Randomization
3. Blindness

A

placebo

39
Q

______ ______: a probability statement about the association between a particular disease & specific risk factor resulting from a case/control study

A

Odds ratio

40
Q

Look at the host immunity slide

A

On slide 25

Public Health (4 decks)

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