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Public Health > Final lecture! disease and biostat. > Flashcards

Final lecture! disease and biostat. Flashcards

1
Q

_________: is the process of lodgment and growth of microorganism or a virus in the host

A

Infection

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2
Q

___________: caused by specific biological agent or its product and can be transmitted from infected to susceptible host

A

Communicable

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3
Q

______________: one that cannot be transmitted from infected to susceptible host

A

Noncommunicable

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4
Q

Acute: last __ months or less

Chronic: last more than ___ months

A

3

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5
Q

Acute __________ diseases: common cold, pneumonia, mumps, measles…

A

Communicable

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6
Q

Acute ___________ disease: appendicitis, poisoning, injury

A

Non communicable

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7
Q

Chronic __________ disease: aids, lime disease, TB, syphilis…

A

communicable

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8
Q

Chronic _________ disease: diabetes, coronary heart disease, cirrhosis…

A

Non communicable

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9
Q

_________- the capacity of the agent to cause infection in a susceptible host. Ex.
Polio & measles are diseases of high infectivity.

A

INFECTIVITY

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10
Q

__________- the capacity of the agent to cause disease in the infected host. Ex.
Measles is a disease of high pathogenicity
(few subclinical infection) while Polio is a disease of low pathogenicity (most cases are subclinical)

A

PATHOGENICITY

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11
Q

_________- The severity of the disease. Ex.

Rabies is extremely virulent (little or no survivals

A

VIRULENCE

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12
Q

_________- The capacity of the agent to produce toxin or poison. Ex. Botulism &
whooping cough

A

TOXIGENICITY

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13
Q

__________-The ability of the agent to survive adverse environmental conditions. Ex. Coccidioidomycosis & hepatitis are extremely resistant while gonococcus
& influenza are extremely fragile

A

RESISTANCE

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14
Q

__________- The ability of the agent to induce antibody production in the host.

A

ANTIGENICITY

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15
Q

_______ Period : time interval between exposure and appearance of 1st symptom. Consistent for each disease

A

Incubation

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16
Q

_____-any susceptible organism invaded
by an infectious agent

____- Physical factorsBiological actorsSocial factors

________- All other factors that inhibit or promote Disease transmission

these 3 things make up the _________ _______ model

A

Host

Agent

Environment

Communicable Disease

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17
Q

_________- is the disease causing agent, it can be: Viruses, Rickettsiae, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa or Metazoa

A

pathogen

18
Q

________- is the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives & grows

A

Reservoir

19
Q

____ __ ____-is the path by which an agent leaves the source host
1-Respiratory tract, as influenza & TB
2-Genito-urinary tract, as STDs
3-GIT, as hepatitis A & rabies
4-skin, as syphilis, chicken pox
5-In utero transmission, as rubella, CMV, syphilis or AIDS

A

Portal of exit

20
Q

Modes of Transmission
______: Immediate transfer
-Direct contact (ex STDs)
-Droplet spread (ex. Measls & chicken pox)

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
-Airborne (most difficult to block) (ex. TB)
-Vehicleborne (contaminated food, school
supplies, bed sheets, utensils, etc..)
-Vectorborne (ex. mosquitoes)
A

Direct

Indirect

21
Q

_____ __ _____- Agent enters susceptible host; ex.) Respiratory, Oral, Skin, Intravenous, Gastrointestinal

A

Portal of entry

22
Q

___ _____- Final link is a susceptible host

A

New Host

23
Q

Types of carriers

1-Healthy carrier (subclinical infection); e.g. _____
2-_______ carrier (during _______ period); e.g. Hepatitis A
3-Convalescent carrier (during convalescence); e.g. Sheigella & Salmonella
4- ______ carrier; e.g. Hepatitis B

A

polio

Incubatory

Incubatory

Chronic

24
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ disease model
–Genetics
–Personality & beliefs
–Behavioral choices
–Environment
A

Multicausation

25
Q

_______ _____ ______–Characterized by damage to the coronary arteries; also called coronary artery disease; #1 killer

A

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

26
Q

_________–Narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from the build-up of fatty deposits on the walls of the blood vessel

A

Atherosclerosis

27
Q

_________ ______– Blood supply to the brain is disrupted; #4 killer

A

Cerebrovascular disease(stroke)

28
Q

______– occurs when cells lose control over their growth and division; develop into a tumor; #2 killer

A

Cancer

29
Q

_______– parts of the tumor break off & travel to the rest of the body’s organs and continue their growth

A

Metastasis

30
Q 
Other Noncommunicable Disease Problems
•Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)–#\_\_\_ killer
•Diabetes mellitus–#\_\_\_\_ killer
•Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis–#\_\_\_
killer
A

3

7

12

31
Q 
NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DISEASE
•By “natural history” we refer to the course of disease over time, unaffected by treatment.
•There are 4 stages:
1.Stage of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2.Stage of Presymptomatic Disease
3.Stage of \_\_\_\_\_\_ Disease
4.Stage of Disability
A

susceptibility

Clinical

32
Q

______ Prevention– The forestalling of the onset of illness or injury, by removing the
cause, during the pre-pathogenesis period (before the disease process begins), e.g.,
immunization or adjustment: ↓ incidence

A

Primary

33
Q

_______ Prevention– The early diagnosis and prompt treatment of diseases or injury
to limit disability or prevent more severe pathogenesis, e.g.,screening: ↓ prevalence & progression and limit disability

A

Secondary

34
Q

______ Prevention– The retraining, reeducation, and rehabilitation of the patient who has already incurred disability e.g., physical therapy

A

Tertiary

35
Q

•Simple ______

  • each has an = opportunity
  • chance alone

•___-_____-
- selection based on known factors

•Stratified _______-

  • popul. divided into sampling units
  • a random sample is chosen from each
A

Random

Non-Random

selected

36
Q

______ •exactness, measure true value of what being studied

_______ •consistent and reproducible

_______ • stable, dependable, sound

________ •measures what is supposed to measure

A

Accuracy

Percision

Reliability

Validity

37
Q

Basedd on graphs:
_______ •Symm., Gaussian; •a continuous bell-shape

Uniform •________• where all events occur with equal frequency

SKEWED, asymmetric, and may be:
•positively skewed (to the_____)- tail among higher values being characterized

•negatively skewed (to the _____)- tail among the lower values being characterized

A

NORMAL

rectangular

right

left

38
Q

_________: values that divide the series into

defined percentages; is the level of the measurement below which a specified portion of the distribution falls

A

PERCENTILES

39
Q 
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
•The most occurring value/values in a
series
•useful in \_\_\_\_. studies as determining
peak of disease occurrence in an \_\_\_\_\_.
outbreak investigation
A

MODE

Epi

Epi

40
Q

_______-
•difference bet. Highest & Lowest value
•used to measure data spread

VARIANCE
•Main use is to calculate __.__.

A

RANGE

S.D.

41
Q

_______- ability to ID correctly those who DO NOT HAVE the disease (when sensitivity is 100% & result is neg.)

________- ability to ID correctly those who HAVE the disease (when specificity is
100% & result is positive)

A

SENSITIVITY

SPECIFICITY

42
Q

__ ____ _____’s can be used to assess whether the rate of X condition is higher in a
specific group of people than others.

A

4 Fold Tables

Public Health (4 decks)

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