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FSM > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Job of the mitochondria

A

energy/ power house

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2
Q

Golgi apparatus job?

A

Sort and package neurotransmitters

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3
Q

What are the three types of neurons

A

unipolar- not in human body one axon
~pseudo-unipolar- most sensory neuron
~bipolar only found in CN 2,5,8

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4
Q

What are the majority of neurons?

A

Multi polar

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5
Q

Explain pseudo polar

A

….

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6
Q

Explain bipolar

A

…..

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7
Q

What are the most numerous glia?

A

Astrocyte

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8
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

~communicate with the neuron
~regulate chemical content of extra cellular space
~take up excessive potassium
~ pathway for neuron recovery after injury
~

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9
Q

What do astrocytes form?

A

components of blood brain barrier.

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10
Q

What is the only in the brain and spinal cord?

A

Oligodendrocyte

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11
Q

What does Oligodendrocyte do?

A

~insulates axons by myelin sheath

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12
Q

Difference in Oligodendrocyte and swan cell

A

~sends to lots of different neruo ns “snap bracelets”

~1 on 1 relationship and with in the axon

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13
Q

Schwann cell what do they do?

A

insulates axon by providing myelin sheath

in PNS only

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14
Q

Neuroal stem cells are present where?

A

in kids and adults

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15
Q

Explain Neuroal stem cells

A

~immature and undifferentiated
~precursors to neurons and glia
~through maturation and differentiation, can a rind into cells
~self renewal

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16
Q

What is leads to proliferation?

A

growth factor in Neuroal stem cells

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17
Q

What leads to increased growth factor?

A

aerobic exercise

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18
Q

how do neurons communicatie

A

sunapse

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19
Q

What is the synapse?

A

point of connection from one neuron to another

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20
Q

what is a neruotransmitter

A

a chemical that is released into the synaptic cleft which communicates information from one neuron to another

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21
Q

What happens and the end of the axon?

A

neurotransmitter needs to get from soma to presynaptic terminal

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22
Q

What are the two types of transports?

A

Anterograde transport

Retrograde transport

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23
Q

Anterograde transport

A

Neurotransmitter moves from soma through axon to the presynaptic terminal

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24
Q

Retrograde transport

A

Transport of substances from synapse back to the soma

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25
Q

Axo-somatic synapse

A

…

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26
Q

Axo-dendritic synapse

A

…

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27
Q

Axo-axonic synapse

A

.

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28
Q

What is convergence

A

multiple axons terminate on a singe neuron

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29
Q

What is divergence

A

a single neuron send of many axons which terminate on different cells

30
Q

Leak

A

diffusion of a small number of ions through the membrane at a slow continuous rate

31
Q

modiality-gate

A

~specific to sensory stimuli

32
Q

ligand-gated

A

.

33
Q

voltage-gated

A

.

34
Q

What are the two types of gradients?

A

~concentration

~electrical

35
Q

What do these two gradient types do?

A

mediate flow of ions in and out of cells is balanced

36
Q

What do cells use the sodium-potassium pump do?

A

maintain the resting potential

37
Q

what is the concentration rate of sodium potassium pump

A

2 K in
3 leave
kick out more than you let in

38
Q

where is electric potential?

A

inside and outside of the cell

39
Q

What is the resending membrane potential

A
  • 70 mV
40
Q

what is the precursor to an action potential

A

local potental

41
Q

what are the two ways potential can be added together?

A

spatial summation

temporal summation

42
Q

Spatial summation

A

multiple axons coming together and adding up their signals at the same time

43
Q

temporal summation

A

f/ one location but you get multiple signals in a short period of time

44
Q

What is an excitatory post synaptic potential?

A

Na comes in

more positive

45
Q

What is inhibitory post synaptic potentials

A

~fight against action potential
~more negative cells flow into the cell
~ more negative

46
Q

What is the effect of ipso?

A

.

47
Q

inhibition of a ___ results in a

A

.

48
Q

When is an action potential fired

A

once the membrane potential reached the threshold

49
Q

What are the ways to reach a threshold?

A

spacial or temporal summation

50
Q

Does the amount the action potential will change?

A

all or nothing principle

will fire the same amount with the same intensity with same

51
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

no matter how large the stimulus

IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO TIRGGER ANOTEHR AP

52
Q

Relative refractory period

A

an AP may be triggered

but it will take a larger stimulus

53
Q

what is the purpose of refractory periods?

A

make sure it is going forwards and not backwards
Million dollar $$
(make sure)

54
Q

Propagation of an action potential at the synpase

A

.

55
Q

presynaptic facilitation and inhibition

A

.

56
Q

why do we want ap to be propagated?

A

to get it where we want it to go

57
Q

how does ap propagate?

A

spread positive signal down the axon. from more to less composition spreading down.
—- keeps it form join backwards

58
Q

what is salutary conduction

A

.

59
Q

what does the myelin do

A

~faster ap proprogation
~provides insulation
~preventin gthe leakage of current
~keeping ap about threshold

60
Q

Thicker myelin–>

A

faster conduction

61
Q

What are nodes of ranvier

A

high density of na+ and K+ channels

***

62
Q

how often are nodes of ranvier?

A

1-2 mm

63
Q

What is endoneruon

A

.

64
Q

what makes up a nerve?

A

.

65
Q

what receives the vascular supple

A
66
Q

Acetycholine

A

neuromuscular junction

~heart

67
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Located in brain

~alertness and arousal

68
Q

serotonin

A

brain

mood and sleep

69
Q

glutatmate

A

~brain
lerarnign and development
~excitatory

70
Q

GABA

A

~brain

~major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

71
Q

Dopamine

A 
~brain 
~movement
motivation 
cognitation 
sleep 
mood
attention 
memory 
learning
72
Q

Dopamine is at the heart of

A

parkensins

FSM (4 decks)

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