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Animal Reproduction > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What 5 systems are affected in the mom during pregnancy?

A 
Reproductive System
Digestion
Metabolism
Cardiovascular
Respiration
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2
Q

At 90 days of pregnancy in the ewe, the corpus luteum is secreting ___% and the placental unit is secreting ___% of the P4 that can be measured in peripheral blood.

A

50%, 50%

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3
Q

What must maintain myometrium in a relaxed state?

A

P4

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4
Q

Cardiovascular changes in the mother (8)

A

1.) More blood
2.) Increased cardiac output
3.) Changes in hemodynamics
4.) Increase in contents: RBC’s
5.) Increase in heart rate and blood
pumped out
6.) Decrease in vascular resistance
7.) Blood pressure remains the same
8.) More coagability of the blood

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5
Q

Pre-Eclampsia

A
  • Condition in humans with increased blood pressure
  • Can kill mom and baby
  • Only cure is delivery
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6
Q

Respiratory Changes in the mother: The mother’s respiration rate _____ and she requires _____. The mother’s lung capacity _____.

A
  • Respiration rate increases and she requires more O2

- Lung capacity decreases

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7
Q

Changes in Metabolism in the mother (4)
The fast-growing fetus and placenta require _____. Food intake _____. Digestion changes: Ability to _____ more, _____ food passed through. _____ in fat deposition.

A
  • Requires energy
  • Food intake changes.
  • Ability to absorb more, decreased food passed through
  • Increase in fat deposition
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8
Q

Placenta is a _____ product.

A

Steroidogenic product

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9
Q

Simple Diffusion: Is energy required? What’s involved?

A
  • No energy required
  • Oxygen, Lipophilic (fat dissolvable)
  • High to low concentration
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10
Q

Restricted Diffusion: Is energy required? What’s involved?

A
  • No energy required
  • Pore Size
  • Hydrophilic
  • Mamitol
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11
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Is energy required? What’s involved?

A
  • *Energy required
  • Carrier protein
  • D-Glucose
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12
Q

Active Transport: Is energy required? What’s involved?

A
  • Amino Acids- Maternal to fetal

- Moves AGAINST concentration gradient: *Needs energy

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13
Q

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis: Is energy required?

A

*Requires Energy

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14
Q

What forms the umbilical cord?

A

Amnion wrapping around allantois

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15
Q

Apposition

A

Embryo and membrane are expanding into mom

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16
Q

Adhesion

A

Attachment of the embryo

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17
Q

6 layers of separation

A

1) Fetal Endothelium
2) Fetal Connective Tissue
3) Fetal Chorionic Epithelium
4) Maternal Endometrial Epithelium
5) Maternal Connective Tissue
6) Maternal Endothelium

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18
Q

Pigs, Cows, and Ewe - layers present?

A

All 6 layers

Epitheliochorial

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19
Q

Dogs and Cats - layers present?

A

4 layers
Endotheliochorial

1) Fetal Endothelium
2) Fetal Connective Tissue
3) Fetal Chorionic Epithelium
6) Maternal Endothelium

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20
Q

Humans and Rodents - layers present?

A

3 Layers
Haemochorial

1) Fetal Endothelium
2) Fetal Connective Tissue
3) Fetal Chorionic Epithelium

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21
Q

Placentomes: Which parts maternal and fetal?

A

Fetal/Placental cotyledon

Maternal caruncle

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22
Q

Endometrial Cups

A

Produce ECF (FSH like)

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23
Q

3 extra embryonic membranes

A

Embryo: Inside
Allentois: Vascular
Chorion

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24
Q

Luteal/Placental Shift

A

Placenta making enough P4 to get rid of corpus luteum

25
Q

Luteal/Placental Shift in Ewes

A

55 days

26
Q

Luteal/Placental Shift in Mares

A

70 days

27
Q

Luteal/Placental Shift in Women

A

2 months

28
Q

Luteal/Placental Shift in Cattle

A

7-8 months

29
Q

Luteal/ Placental Shift in swine

A

NEVER

Corpus luteum lasts the whole time

30
Q

E2 induces…

A

-Increase in oxytosin receptors and prostaglandin receptors

Myometrium

31
Q

P4 induces…

A
  • Removal of myometrial blocks

- Induces contractions

32
Q

Prostaglandins induce…

A
  • Luteal regression

- Contractions

33
Q

Oxytocin

A

-Release of PGF2a which causes contractions

34
Q

Estradiol

A

-Increases secretions to increase lubrication of the birth canal

35
Q

PGF2a

A

-Corpus luteum or placenta to relaxin

36
Q

In the ewe, PGE2a stimulates secretion of P4 by the corpus luteum. T or F

A

True

37
Q

During a normal pregancy, maternal blood pressure is significantly increased. T or F

A

False

38
Q

During parturition, relaxin is secreted from the __________ and it functions to induce relaxation of the _________.

A

Corpus luteum; myometrium/pelvic ligaments

39
Q

During parturition in the ewe, describe how cortisol affects the maternal placenta.

A

Cortisol increases: PGF2a (induces CL regression), E2 (which increases OT-R and FP - affects myometrium)
Coritsol decreases: P4 –> myometrial block –> increase contractability –> parturition

40
Q

During parturition in the ewe, a neuro-endocrine feedback loop facilitates uterine contractions. Describe.

A

Increases PGF2a –> Stimulates uterus contractions –> pressure on cervix (leads back up to hyp (OT))

41
Q

During pregnancy, the ability of maternal blood to coagulate decreases. This is believed to be a preventative measure by the body to avoid thrombosis. T or F

A

False: Blood coagulation increases during pregnancy

42
Q

What hormone increases proliferation of secretory cells?

A

E2

43
Q

What hormone increases secretions: histotroph, enzymes, energy substrates?

A

P4

44
Q

What are the 5 ways that nutrients can cross?

A
  1. ) Simple diffusion
  2. ) Restricted diffusion
  3. ) Facilitated diffusion
  4. ) Active transport
  5. ) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
45
Q

Cotelydons and caruncles fuse to make _____.

A

Placentomes

46
Q

Which is avascular? Chorion or Allantois?

Which is vascular?

A

Chorion - avascular

Allantois - vascular

47
Q

What surrounds/protects the embryo?

A

Amnion

48
Q

In the ewe, placentation can be considered endotheliochorial. T or F

A

False - epitheliochorial

49
Q

Identify the tissue responsible for production of eCG and the species of animal producing it.

A

eCG - Equine endometrial cups

50
Q

What is the role for eCG during early pregnancy?

A

Acts as FSH, follicular development, luteal, more CL for progesterone

51
Q

Chorion forms from the _____.

A

Trophectoderm

52
Q

_____ is derived from cavitation of the inner cell mass.

A

Amnion

53
Q

Fetal connective tissue includes the basement membrane of _____.

A

Chorion

54
Q

Maternal connective tissue includes the basement membrane of _____.

A

Endometrium

55
Q

Fetal cortisol acting on placenta: what is the end result?

A

^ PGF2a
^ E2
Decrease P4

56
Q

Physiological response of P4 decrease:

A

Contractions of uterus, remove myometrial block to contraction

57
Q

Physiological response of PGF2a ^:

A

Decrease P4 by regressing CL, uterus contractions

58
Q

Physiological response of E2^:

A

^ OT-R, ^ FP (PGF2a-R) - myometrium

Animal Reproduction (6 decks)

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