Male Reproductive Anatomy

Question 0

Name the 3 exocrine glands.

Answer 0

• Seminal vesicles/vesicular gland
• Bulbourethral gland
• Prostate gland

Question 1

List the functions of the epididymis.

Answer 1

• Concentrates the sperm
• Nourishes
• Allows maturation
• STORAGE DEPOT

Question 2

What is a gonad?

Answer 2

The organ that makes gametes.

Male - Testis

Female - Ovary

Question 3

Where does the lost heat go in the testicular artery?

Answer 3

An exchange occurs. Heat/blood move from arteries to the venous range, while testosterone travels from the veins to the arteries.

Question 4

Within the spermatic cord is the pampiniform plexus. What is its function?

Answer 4

• Cooling
• Increase testosterone levels in the testis

Question 5

The accessory glands (3) function to…

Answer 5

Add to the sperm to make the semen

Question 6

In the testicular artery, core body temperature decreases from ___ to ___ as it travels down to the testis.

Answer 6

39ºC to 33ºC

Question 7

GnRH stimulates ?

Answer 7

Gonadotropes which release LH and FSH

Question 8

Why can testosterone directly transfer?

Answer 8

Steroid hormone that can readily cross membrane/permeable

Question 9

Process of making spermatozoa (occurs in seminiferous tubules)

Answer 9

Spermatogenesis

Question 10

Role of seminiferous tubules

Answer 10

Hold and produce

Question 11

Role of Sertoli cell

Answer 11

• Located within the seminiferous tubule
• “Nurse cell” - nourishes and protects; separates developing germ cell from the body because it has 1/2 the chromosomes and would be destroyed

Question 12

When was spermatozoa first described scientifically?

Answer 12

• Around 1677 by Van Leeuwenhoek in Holland
• Found by using a microscope to identify

Question 13

Role of Leydig cell

Answer 13

• Outside of the seminiferous tubule; in the lumen
• Produces testosterone

Question 14

Release of the mature spermatozoa into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

Answer 14

Spermiation

Question 15

Cremaster muscle

Answer 15

Raises and lowers the testes:

• Cold: contracts and brings testes closer to the body
• Hot/heat: relaxes and lowers testes away from the body

Question 16

When referring to spermatogenesis, males…

Answer 16

Constantly undergo meiosis I and II.

Massive amounts of sperm are ready and complete at any given time.

Question 17

When referring to spermatogenesis, females…

Answer 17

• Meiosis is arrested midway through.
• Oocytes are rested during prophase of meiosis I for most of their life.
• Ovulation completes until meiosis II.
• Meiosis II is completed during fertilization.

Question 18

Mature spermatozoa takes about ____.

Answer 18

12 weeks.

• If all of the cycles were synchronized you would only have active sperm every 12 weeks
• Since it needs to be constantly released the spermatogenic cycle and wave take place

Question 19

The distance from round spermatid to round spermatid in the seminiferous tubule

Answer 19

Spermatogenic wave

Question 20

Spermatogenic cycle

Answer 20

Time it takes from stage to stage at a specific section. (ie. the time from round spermatid to round spermatid - weeks)

Question 21

Capsule, proteolytic enzymes to digest a hole in the oocyte

Answer 21

Acrosomal cap

Question 22

What is differentiation?

Answer 22

Morphological changes:

• Condensation of chromatin
• DNA proteins: needs to make a tight nucleus
• Acrosome is laid over by the GA
• Cytoplasmic material is lost as the cytoplasmic droplet

Question 23

Role of the mitochondrial sheath

Answer 23

• Power plant of the sperm
• Generates cell energy
• Migrated away from nucleus and gathered in distal cytoplasm -eventually forms midpiece

Question 24

Gap between Sertoli cell where spermatozoa are. Keeps them away from blood because they have different chromosome count and would be rejected by the body

Answer 24

Tight Junction

Question 25

Leydig cells...

Answer 25

Stimulated by Luteinizing hormone (LH), **Release Testosterone**

Question 26

Veins at the bottom of the hypothalamus and run to the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 26

Portal vessels

Question 27

Pulsatile release hormones

Answer 27

Releases constantly and can release more or less when needed

Question 28

Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (STAR Protein)

Answer 28

Mediates transfer of **cholesterol** to inner mitochondrial membrane to make **testosterone**

Question 29

Important in parturition, Adreno corticotropic hormone ACTH

Answer 29

Corticotropes

Question 30

Stimulating thyroid

Answer 30

Thyrotropes

Question 31

Pro-lactin milk production

Answer 31

Lactotropes

Question 32

Spermatozoa mature in the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 32

Epididymis

Question 33

Covered by proteins before capacitation but need to be removed before it can bind to the egg

Answer 33

Egg-binding proteins

Question 34

Storage depot; secretions/mucus

Answer 34

Cervix

Question 35

Hostile, not conducive to sperm

Answer 35

Vagina

Question 36

Female: Produces fluids

Answer 36

Uterus

Question 37

Capacitation mostly occurs in these locations:

Answer 37

Cervix Oviduct

Question 38

* Removes glycoproteins * Exposes egg-binding sites

Answer 38

Capacitation

Question 39

What are the 3 steps of spermatogenesis?

Answer 39

1. Proliferation 2. Meiosis 3. Differentiation

Question 40

Is the oviduct a contractile organ?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

What is the role of the golgi apparatus within the differentiating spermatid?

Answer 41

GA ends up folding itself over the nucleus which leads to the acrosomal cap for the sperm

Question 42

If you castrate a male, would LH increase or decrease? Why?

Answer 42

Increase. LH signals the leydig cells to produce testosterone. When you castrate, you remove the leydig and sertoli cells and testosterone will not be produced. Instead, LH will keep signaling and accumulating (body won't stop making)

Question 43

Which two processes require positive feedback?

Answer 43

Ovulation and Parturition

Question 44

What is the tubule/ductile that transports spermatozoa from the testis into the epididymis?

Answer 44

Efferent ductiles

Question 45

At the time of ejaculation, have spermatozoa undergone meiosis and capacitation?

Answer 45

Only meiosis