Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Reproduction > Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Name the 3 exocrine glands.

A
  • Seminal vesicles/vesicular gland
  • Bulbourethral gland
  • Prostate gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

List the functions of the epididymis.

A
  • Concentrates the sperm
  • Nourishes
  • Allows maturation
  • STORAGE DEPOT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a gonad?

A

The organ that makes gametes.

Male - Testis

Female - Ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the lost heat go in the testicular artery?

A

An exchange occurs. Heat/blood move from arteries to the venous range, while testosterone travels from the veins to the arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Within the spermatic cord is the pampiniform plexus. What is its function?

A
  • Cooling
  • Increase testosterone levels in the testis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The accessory glands (3) function to…

A

Add to the sperm to make the semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the testicular artery, core body temperature decreases from ___ to ___ as it travels down to the testis.

A

39ºC to 33ºC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GnRH stimulates ?

A

Gonadotropes which release LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why can testosterone directly transfer?

A

Steroid hormone that can readily cross membrane/permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Process of making spermatozoa (occurs in seminiferous tubules)

A

Spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Role of seminiferous tubules

A

Hold and produce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of Sertoli cell

A
  • Located within the seminiferous tubule
  • “Nurse cell” - nourishes and protects; separates developing germ cell from the body because it has 1/2 the chromosomes and would be destroyed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When was spermatozoa first described scientifically?

A
  • Around 1677 by Van Leeuwenhoek in Holland
  • Found by using a microscope to identify
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Role of Leydig cell

A
  • Outside of the seminiferous tubule; in the lumen
  • Produces testosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Release of the mature spermatozoa into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

A

Spermiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Raises and lowers the testes:

  • Cold: contracts and brings testes closer to the body
  • Hot/heat: relaxes and lowers testes away from the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When referring to spermatogenesis, males…

A

Constantly undergo meiosis I and II.

Massive amounts of sperm are ready and complete at any given time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When referring to spermatogenesis, females…

A
  • Meiosis is arrested midway through.
  • Oocytes are rested during prophase of meiosis I for most of their life.
  • Ovulation completes until meiosis II.
  • Meiosis II is completed during fertilization.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mature spermatozoa takes about ____.

A

12 weeks.

  • If all of the cycles were synchronized you would only have active sperm every 12 weeks
  • Since it needs to be constantly released the spermatogenic cycle and wave take place
19
Q

The distance from round spermatid to round spermatid in the seminiferous tubule

A

Spermatogenic wave

20
Q

Spermatogenic cycle

A

Time it takes from stage to stage at a specific section. (ie. the time from round spermatid to round spermatid - weeks)

21
Q

Capsule, proteolytic enzymes to digest a hole in the oocyte

A

Acrosomal cap

22
Q

What is differentiation?

A

Morphological changes:

  • Condensation of chromatin
  • DNA proteins: needs to make a tight nucleus
  • Acrosome is laid over by the GA
  • Cytoplasmic material is lost as the cytoplasmic droplet
23
Q

Role of the mitochondrial sheath

A
  • Power plant of the sperm
  • Generates cell energy
  • Migrated away from nucleus and gathered in distal cytoplasm -eventually forms midpiece
24
Q

Gap between Sertoli cell where spermatozoa are.

Keeps them away from blood because they have different chromosome count and would be rejected by the body

A

Tight Junction

25
Q

Leydig cells…

A

Stimulated by Luteinizing hormone (LH),

Release Testosterone

26
Q

Veins at the bottom of the hypothalamus and run to the anterior pituitary gland

A

Portal vessels

27
Q

Pulsatile release hormones

A

Releases constantly and can release more or less when needed

28
Q

Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (STAR Protein)

A

Mediates transfer of cholesterol to inner mitochondrial membrane to make testosterone

29
Q

Important in parturition, Adreno corticotropic hormone ACTH

A

Corticotropes

30
Q

Stimulating thyroid

A

Thyrotropes

31
Q

Pro-lactin milk production

A

Lactotropes

32
Q

Spermatozoa mature in the ______.

A

Epididymis

33
Q

Covered by proteins before capacitation but need to be removed before it can bind to the egg

A

Egg-binding proteins

34
Q

Storage depot; secretions/mucus

A

Cervix

35
Q

Hostile, not conducive to sperm

A

Vagina

36
Q

Female: Produces fluids

A

Uterus

37
Q

Capacitation mostly occurs in these locations:

A

Cervix

Oviduct

38
Q
  • Removes glycoproteins
  • Exposes egg-binding sites
A

Capacitation

39
Q

What are the 3 steps of spermatogenesis?

A
  1. Proliferation
  2. Meiosis
  3. Differentiation
40
Q

Is the oviduct a contractile organ?

A

Yes

41
Q

What is the role of the golgi apparatus within the differentiating spermatid?

A

GA ends up folding itself over the nucleus which leads to the acrosomal cap for the sperm

42
Q

If you castrate a male, would LH increase or decrease? Why?

A

Increase. LH signals the leydig cells to produce testosterone. When you castrate, you remove the leydig and sertoli cells and testosterone will not be produced. Instead, LH will keep signaling and accumulating (body won’t stop making)

43
Q

Which two processes require positive feedback?

A

Ovulation and Parturition

44
Q

What is the tubule/ductile that transports spermatozoa from the testis into the epididymis?

A

Efferent ductiles

45
Q

At the time of ejaculation, have spermatozoa undergone meiosis and capacitation?

A

Only meiosis

Animal Reproduction (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions