Quiz #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

challenges that would overcome to transition on land

A

mechanical support, gas exchange and sensory equipment

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2
Q

lines of evidence

A

fossile evidence, comparative anatomy, development

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3
Q

fossile evidence

A

help document changes through time

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4
Q

comparative anatomy (homology)

A

shared feature ( whale, human, and bat)

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5
Q

development (homologies)

A

what genes turn on and off to control devleopment of limbs

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6
Q

Homologous structures

A

shared through common ancestry

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7
Q

what ancestor did limbs originate from?

A

lobe-finned fish, large bone connected to the shoulder and pelvic gridle covered in muscle

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8
Q

What is the comparative approach to when limbs arise?

A

it provides insight as to what changes occurred long ago like mudskippers

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9
Q

What features in the Tiktalik are suggest that tranistion features from water to land?

A

flattened head, eyes on top, neck, ribs

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10
Q

What are advantage to having a neck, ribs flattened head, and wrist and shoulder.

A

Neck: head movement ( flexibility to look around)
Flattened head: eyes on top of head able to peak out of water
Ribs: protected lungs-land breathing
Wrist& Shoulder movement: push up - shallow water

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11
Q

an example of devlopmental?

A

sonic hedgehog: transplanted tissue from one side of a limb bud to another and devopled 2 sets of digits
-modifying an existing gene in new ways

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12
Q

What are the three plant groups?

A

Nonvascular plants; liverworts
Seedless vascular plants: Ferns
Seed Plants: Gymnosperms or Angiosperm

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13
Q

What are the key challenges plants faced on the transition from water to land?

A

mechanical support, dessication (water retention adaptations), transition to new environment new defenses evolve, and reproduction`

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14
Q

What are the advantages for plants during transition?

A

more sunlight used for photosynthesis

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15
Q

Traits that evolved

A

waxy cuticle- barrier to prevent water loss
stomata: specialized pores for gas exchange ( close and open—water vapor out —co2 in—o2 out)

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16
Q

What type of conditions might close the stomata?

A

heat,drought, wind

17
Q

Plants evolved from….

A

green alage they are multicellular

18
Q

Seedless vascular plants

A

no pollen, seeds, and have vascular tissue

19
Q

What is vascular tissue?

A

transportation of nutrients

20
Q

Xylem

A

stringy portion of celery; transports water and NPK moving upwards to the rest of the plants

21
Q

phloem

A

transports sugars (foods) moving down the plant

22
Q

Stem advantages

A

provide mechanical structure, transport water & nutrients, sugars

23
Q

root advantages

A

reach water; uptake from the soil to the rest of the plant

24
Q

leave advantages

A

positioned to sunlight primary site of photosynthesis= sugars travel to other parts of plants

25
Q

Seed plants

A

primary plant we see on land
gymnosperms= cone plant
angiosperms= flower plant

26
Q

pollen

A

a male gametophyte enclosed in the pollen wall

27
Q

gametophyte

A

gamate (haploid cell) producing phase of plants

28
Q

Advantages to pollen

A

can travel through pollinators (farther), move into new environment where water is not required for reproduction, prevents gametes from drying out

29
Q

who are the pollinators and what attract them?

A

birds, beetles, butterflies, bats, and bees. The color smell and nectar attract them

30
Q

Why does timing matter for flowering plants?

A

flowers are not available bee could be starved and no fertilization for flower