Quiz 3

Question 1

What is radiologic contamination?

Answer 1

Contamination occurs when particles of radioactive material are deposited where they are normally not found.

Question 2

What is bioavailability of the contaminant?

Answer 2

the amount of a substance that is absorbed or becomes available at the site of physiologic activity. Helps toxicologists determine the “dose” of a certain contaminant that will cause a health effect

Question 3

What is biomonitoring exposure to the contaminant?

Answer 3

clinical tests that determine whether someone has been exposed to a contaminant by measuring the level via blood or urine.

Question 4

What does environmental justice consist of?

Answer 4

The belief that no group of people should bear a disproportionate share of negative environmental health consequences regardless of race, culture, or income.

Question 5

What is the ADPIE nursing process when it comes to environmental contaminant?

Answer 5

• Risk Assessment: determines the likelihood of adverse effects (illness/disease) will occur in a group of people because of environmental exposure
• Interventions: something designed to interrupt or break the exposure pathway, may be immediate or stretched out
• Evaluation: measuring effectiveness is challenging, questions; is the pathway interrupted, are people satisfied, improvement, how many were affected, is there cost savings, is it sustainable

Question 6

What is the route of exposure?

Answer 6

how the contaminant enters the body, typically: ingestion, inhalation, or skin
They come from ground or surface water, soil, and food

Question 7

What is the contaminant asbestos?

Answer 7

used for building materials, friction products, packaging, etc.
Transport: in the air from breakdown (renovation),inhalation

Question 8

What is the contaminant lead?

Answer 8

In paint before 1978, dust can get into the air or become vapor when heated,
Transport: chipped paint becomes dust that is in the house or the soil
Children are the most concern with putting their hands in their mouths

Question 9

What is the contaminant radon?

Answer 9

radioactive gas, product of decaying uranium and found in soils
Transport: houses through cracks in foundation and then inhaled

Question 10

What is the contaminant pesticides?

Answer 10

used to kill pests
Transport: once used they can move through the environment in various ways with sources being air, drinking water, eating foods with it, and dermal contact

Question 11

What is the importance of exposure history?

Answer 11

determines whether an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants

Question 12

What are occupational injuries and illnesses?

Answer 12

• sprains, strains, tears (highest rate)
• bruise contusions
• cuts, lacerations
• traumatic injuries
• burns
• carpal tunnel
• amputations
• chemical burns
• tendonitis (lowest rate)

Question 13

Define ergonomics

Answer 13

Study of the relationship between people and their working environment

Question 14

Define root cause analysis

Answer 14

a process for understanding and solving a problem with the goal of determining what happened, why it happened, and what can be done to prevent its reoccurrence

Question 15

Define workplace walk through

Answer 15

a complete survey of the workplace, inside and out, compiling information as to the presence of hazards, the location of entries and exits, the availability of emergency equipment, and potential trouble spots

Question 16

What is a occupational health history?

Answer 16

An assessment of the characteristics of the workers’ present jobs, a chronologic record of all past work and potential exposures, an occupational exposure inventory, and a list of other exposures in the home or community

Question 17

What is the importance of company health records?

Answer 17

provides constant surveillance, monitoring, and auditing of the safety conditions of the workplace

Question 18

Define OSHA

Answer 18

Occupational Safety and Health Administration:
the federal agency that sets exposure standards and is responsible for enforcement of safety and health legislation.

Question 19

Define FMLA

Answer 19

Family and Medical Leave Act:
an employee is eligible to exercise his or her right after working a minimum of 12 months and at least 1250 hours. IN the case of serious illness affecting themselves or family members, when all conditions are met under this act, employees can leave work for up to 12 weeks and return to work without penalty

Question 20

Define HIPAA

Answer 20

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act:
assures that personal healthcare information will be kept private and secure

Question 21

Define NORA

Answer 21

National Occupational Research Agenda:
a partnership program to stimulate innovative research and improved practices for safety, healthier, workplaces. Directed toward the study of disease and injury, the work environment and the workforce, and the various research methods which are used to study occupational health

Question 22

What are the competency levels of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN)?

Answer 22

competent, proficient, expert

Question 23

What is the competent competency level of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN)?

Answer 23

nurse who is confident and a master with the ability to cope with specific situations
clinician, coordinator, or case manager

Question 24

What is the proficient competency level of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN)?

Answer 24

nurse with the ability to perceive client situations based on past experiences, with a focus on relevant aspects of the situation, predicts events and recognizes protocols may need to be altered
Possesses clinical or managerial skills

Question 25

What is the expert competency level of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN)?

Answer 25

nurse who has extensive experience with a broad knowledge base that enables one to grasp a situation quickly and initiate action
leadership and uper executive or management roles, conduct research

Question 26

What are some physical hazards?

Answer 26

• heat and cold
• light
• noise
• vibration

Question 27

What is the epidemiologic triad?

Answer 27

Consists of:
- Agent: workplace hazards, biologic, chemical, physical, and psychosocial
- Host: all susceptible people and their families in the workplace
- Environment: all external factors, physical and emotional

Question 28

What is the importance of emergency plans that address potential threats?

Answer 28

The plan names key personnel who will assume necessary tasks. It establishes emergency escape routes, and procedures to identify workers and visitors with and without disabilities and establishes clear instructions for employees

Question 29

Describe the disaster planning evaluation meeting recovery phase

Answer 29

action plans that are developed in anticipation of disaster scenarios to provide a framework
Recovery phase: stabilization and return to normal status after response has been initiated and complete
Evaluation = learn from the past, prepare for the future

Question 30

Define emergencies

Answer 30

events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources

Question 31

Define natural disasters

Answer 31

the result of naturally occurring events that have an impact on the environment, the economy, and the people who live in the area

Question 32

Define terrorism

Answer 32

criminal acts against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to:
-provoke a state of terror in the general public
- intimidate a population
- compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act

Question 33

Define accidental disaster

Answer 33

those that happen as a result of circumstantial factors and are usually not deliberate (truck with toxic chemical overturns and expels on highway)

Question 34

Define preimpact phase

Answer 34

before the disaster

Question 35

Define impact phase

Answer 35

during the disaster

Question 36

Define postimpact phase

Answer 36

after the disaster

Question 37

Define preparedness

Answer 37

action plans developed in anticipation of disaster scenarios, providing a framework for response to emergency situations

Question 38

What is the response for a radiologic blast disaster and dust on clothes?

Answer 38

people should leave the area quickly, enter the nearest building, cover their noses and mouths, remove their clothes and seal them in double-thickness trash bags, shower as soon as possible, clean and cover any open wounds
Dust should be assumed as radioactive

Question 39

What is the response for a chemical disaster incident and physical assessment?

Answer 39

chemical agent disasters are known immediately so the nurse must assess:
- the hazardous material
- the pop threatened
- the time span
- weather conditions
- communicate emergency information
First priority = PPE
Keep patient in sitting position with loose or removed clothing.

Question 40

What is the Simple Triage and Rapid Triage (START) model?

Answer 40

pre hospital triage system , assists emergency responders for use in earthquakes
0 → those who have died
1 → injured, requiring immediate transfer
2 → injured, who can wait to be transferred
3 → injured, with minor less urgent needs

Question 41

What are some resources that should be provided following a disaster?

Answer 41

stress debriefing and mental health services, emergency distribution site must be established for the public to receive necessities

Question 42

What is the recovery phase after the disaster ends?

Answer 42

factors that continue into the recovery phase:
- Continuing death, chronic illness, and/or disability
- Population shift if recovery is prolonged
- Contamination of food and water supplies, with an increased risk of infectious diseases
- Collapse of local and regional healthcare access
- Increased need to provide mental health services: “psychological first aid” for disaster victims and responders