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Fall Pharmacology > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Does a drug to decrease LDL

A

Simvastatin 20-40mg at night

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2
Q

Dose a drug that increases HDL significantly and helps decrease TG

A

Gemfibrizol 600mg 2x daily

30min before breakfast and dinner

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3
Q

Dose a drug that decreases TG and doesn’t interfere with a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory

A

Slo-Niacin 500mg-1g at night

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4
Q

Define hyperlipidemia

A

Elevation in any lipoprotein species

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5
Q

Define hyperlipemia

A

Increased levels of triglycerides

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6
Q

Chylomicrons carry

A

They are very large, they carry dietary lipids

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7
Q

VLDL carry

A

triglycerides and to a lesser extent cholesterol

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8
Q

IDL carry

A

cholesterol esters and triglycerides

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9
Q

LDL carry

A

cholesterol esters to tissues/vessels

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10
Q

HDL carry

A

cholesterol esters from plaques and tissues to liver

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11
Q

What apoproteins convey lipids into the tissue and artery walls?
What lipoproteins have them?

A

B-100 & B-48

-VLDL, IDL, LDL, chylomicrons

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12
Q

What apoproteins is unique to HDL?

A

D

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13
Q

What lipoprotein reduces the risk of CHD?

A

HDL

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14
Q

Healthy adults over age____ should receive a lipid panel every_______
Obtained after a ________ hour fast

A

Over age 20, every 5 years

after 9-12hr fast

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15
Q

What is in the lipid panel?

A

Total Cholesterol (TC)
Triglycerides
HDL
LDL & VLDL are calcuated

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16
Q

VLDL=

A

Triglycerides/5

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17
Q

LDL=

A

TC- (HDL+VLDL)

18
Q

Causes of secondary “acquired” hyperlipidemia

A 
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Renal Failure
Obstructive liver disease
Drug induced
19
Q

What guidelines do we use to establish dyslipidemia treatment goals?

A

ATP III Cholesterol Guidelines

20
Q

What factors are considered when evaluating CHD risk

A 
Clinical CHD
Symptomatic carotid artery disease
Peripheral artery disease
abdominal aortic aneurysm
diabetes
21
Q

What are the major risk factors?

A

Smoking
HTN
HDL <60
Familial hx premature CHD

22
Q

What factors are used to calculated Framingham risk score?

A 
Age
TC
HDL
Smoking status
Systolic BP
23
Q

ADRs of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

Myopathy

-re-challenge with another or smaller dose

24
Q

What enzyme metabolizes Simvastatin?

A

CYP3A4

25
Q

MOA for statins

A

Reduces hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis

26
Q

Metabolic Syndrome looks at what risk factors?

A 
Abdominal obesity
Triglycerides
HDL
BP
Fasting Glucose
27
Q

IF triglycerides are >________ first lower triglycerides vs. LDL to prevent______
Use a ____

A

> 500
pancreatitis
Use fibrate or nicotinic acid

28
Q

Initial treatment of choice for hyperlipidemia

A

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC)

  • weight management
  • physical activity
  • TLC diet
  • Smoking cessation
  • Manage comorbidities
29
Q

Other benefits of statins include:

A

decrease oxidative stress
decrease vascular inflammation
stabilize atherosclerotic lesions

30
Q

MOA of nicotinic acid

A

Decrease hepatic VLDL secretion and enhances VLDL clearance

31
Q

ADRS of niacin include

A 
Flushing, pruritus, warmth, tingling
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia=gout
Upper GI distress
Hepatotoxicity
32
Q

Drug interactions of Niacin include

A

Bile-acid binding resins decrease absorption

Enhances ADRs or statins

33
Q

MOA of fibrates

A

Activate lipoprotein lipase
Promote delivery of TGs to adipose
Interfere with VLDL formation in the liver

34
Q

Fibrate with Clcr <80-30mL/min=

A

Adjust dose

35
Q

Fibrate with Clcr <=30

A

Contraindicated

36
Q

ADRs of Fibrates

A

Rare but:

  • GI symptoms
  • Myopathy
  • Arrhythmias
  • Increased aminotransferases or alk phos
37
Q

Drug interactions of fibrates include

A

Increase myopathies when with statins

Increased warfarin affect

38
Q

OTC Fish Oil/Omega 3 fatty acids may

A

Decrease triglycerides

39
Q

Pregnant women/lactating can not receive

A

Statins (Category X)

40
Q

First drug choice for children

A

cholestyramine

Fall Pharmacology (13 decks)

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