Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
Order of abuse
tolerance, dependence, addiction
What is tolerance
drug effect is progressively reduced
secondary to repeated exposure
is reversible
-often seen in opioid, nitrates, etc
What is dependence
body requires the drug to function normally
occurs with chronic exposure
desensitization
risk of some degree of misuse
-often in opioids, barbiturates, benzos, etc
What is addiction
compulsive, uncontrolled drug seeking behavior
negative behavior/consequences
learning and memory systems affected
What neurotransmitter is involved in reinforcing “constructive” behavioral adaptation
Dopamine
areas of brain affected
ventral tegmental area
nucleus accumbens
Schedule 1 drugs include
heroin, MDMA, LSD, Marijuana, Gamma hydroxybutyrate, morpheridine, etc, etc
Schedule 2 opiates include
morphine, narcotics, oxycodone, fentanyl….
Schedule 2 stimulants include
dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate (ritalin)
Schedule 2 depressants include
secobarbital, pentobarbital, glutethimide
Schedule 3 categories include
Stimulants
Depressants
Opioid Combinations
+anabolic steroids, and marijuana derivatives
Schedule 4 categories include
Depressants: Benzos
Stimulants: Modafinil, phentermine
Analgesics: butorphanos, pentazocine
Schedule 5 categories include
Opiates: codeine-containing cough “syrup”
Antiseizure meds: pregabalin, ezogabine, lacosamide
~herbal- ephedrine products
Do opioids have a ceiling dose?
No, toxic doses vary too
Presentation: Lethargy “pinpoint” pupils Blood pressure/pulse rate depressed Bowel sounds diminished Flaccid muscles
Opioid OD (mild to moderate)
severe= coma, respiratory depression
