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Micro 402 > quiz 3 > Flashcards

quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

which conditions can endospores stand?

A

heat, radiation, toxic chemicals

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2
Q

what are endospores?

A

clostridium and bacillus, gram positive rods

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3
Q

How did we isolate endospore forming bacteria?

A

endospores are heat resistant

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4
Q

Why did we grow endospores aerobically and anaerobically?

A

To isolate both clostridium and bacillus

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5
Q

endospore stain

A

malachite green dye

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6
Q

What does the glucose ferment tube test?

A

Test strain’s ability to produce gas and acid fro glucose

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7
Q

What is the methyl red test?

A

pH less than 4.4 signifies a positive test, that an organism produced high levels of acid from fermentation of glucose.

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8
Q

What is the voges-proskauer test?

A

acetonin test, do organisms use butandeiol fermentation to ferment glucose? red is a positive result

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9
Q

What is the point of the nutrient broth test?

A

Because we put it in the 50C water bath, it tests the organisms strain tolerance

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10
Q

Why the nutrient +7% NaCl broth?

A

Tests for ability to grow in high salt content

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11
Q

Why milk agar?

A

See if can degrade casein

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12
Q

Why starch agar?

A

degrade starch?

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13
Q

Why do pseudomonads turn fluorescent?

A

Under nutrient limiting conditions, they can produce a soluble pigment that can diffuse into growth medium

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14
Q

What kind of respires are pseudomonads?

A

obligate respirers that use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor

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15
Q

What does the oxidase test test for?

A

The presence of cytochrome C oxidase, in etc.

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16
Q

How is bread leaving achieved?

A

Sugars are converted to CO2 and ethanol.

17
Q

What bacteria is in sourdough starter?

A

wild Yeats and lactic acid bacteria, lactobacillus

18
Q

What does adding salt to saurkraut do?

A

it draws out sugar containing juices so they can be fermented more easily, and the high salt concentration inhibits the growth of most microorganisms.

19
Q

What bacteria grow best in high salt?

A

lactic acid bacteria

20
Q

What is ecological succession?

A

changes in the species present within a community over time

21
Q

What is the common cause of ecological succession?

A

selective pressure

22
Q

How is the final product preserved?

A

high salt and high acidity inhibits the growth of potential spoilage

23
Q

Why is it unusual that lactic acid bacteria are catalase negative?

A

They are grown in the presence of oxygen, nut use peroxidase to to eliminate toxic hydrogen peroxide.

24
Q

What is an aerotolerant anaerobe?

A

anaerobes metabolically grown in the presence of oxygen

25
Q

What does it mean for something to be nutritionally fastidious?

A

they have a variety of nutritional requirements that must be met by their plants or animal hosts, making them hard to cultivate in lab

26
Q

what is homolactic acid fermentation?

A

oxidize glucose to two molecules of pyretic acid, then reduce each to lactic acid. Net: 2 ATP, 2 Lactic Acid

27
Q

What is heterolactic acid fermentation?

A

decarboxylate glucose to one molecule of acetate and one molecule of pyruvate, then form ethanol and lactic acid. Net: 1 ATP, 1 Lactic acid, 1 ethanol, 1 CO2

28
Q

How can we distinguish acinetobacter from pseudomonads?

A

Acinetobacter has a lack of motility, versatile nitrate fermenters, and grow well in acidic media, oxidase posotive

29
Q

What does it mean to be naturally competent?

A

they have the ability to tale up and incorporate free DNA directly from the environment.

30
Q

How will we enrich for acinetobacter, how will we give them an advantage?

A

Grow them on an unusual carbon source (acetate), to give advantage, we will use a slightly acidic medium that contains potassium nitrate as sole nitrogen source.

31
Q

How is antibiotic resistance passed on?

A

conjugation, transduction or transformation(horizontal gene transfer)

32
Q

Why study soil for abx resistance?

A

pollutants for institutions select for qbx resistance bacteria in the soil surrounding these places.

Micro 402 (15 decks)

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