Quiz 3 Flashcards
1
Q
abdominal cavity
A
body space that houses the stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen and kidneys
2
Q
acidosis
A
A dangerous condition in which the pH of the blood is abnormally low (acidic)
3
Q
adipose
A
pertaining to fat
4
Q
alkalosis
A
A dangerous condition in which the pH of the blood is abnormally high (alkaline)
5
Q
alveoli
A
The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
6
Q
amylase
A
digestive enzyme in saliva
7
Q
anabolism
A
conversion of simple compounds into complex substances
8
Q
anatomic position
A
The position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.
9
Q
anatomy
A
The study of body structure
10
Q
avascular
A
without blood or lymph vessels
11
Q
axons
A
Threadlike fibers that carry messages away from the nerve cell body
12
Q
body cavities
A
spaces within the body that contain vital organs
13
Q
body plane
A
flat surface along which the body or structure may be cut for anatomical study
14
Q
bronchi
A
two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.
15
Q
bursa
A
fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
16
Q
cartilage
A
type of hard, nonvascular connective tissue
17
Q
catabolism
A
the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones, including the digestion of food
18
Q
cranial cavity
A
contains the brain
19
Q
dendrites
A
structures that carry messages to the nerve cell body
20
Q
DNA
A
the main component of chromosomes
21
Q
dermis
A
thickest layer of skin composed of elastic and fibrous connective tissue
22
Q
diaphragm
A
dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
23
Q
distal
A
farthest from the point of attachment
24
Q
dorsal
A
at the back of the body or body part
25
endocrine glands
glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
26
epidermis
Outermost and thinnest layer of the skin
27
EPO
hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
28
exocrine glands
glands that secrete substances through ducts
29
external respiration
exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs
30
frontal (coronal) plane
divides body into front and back
31
gametes
sex cells
32
genes
DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.
33
genome
complete set of DNA containing all genes of the 23 pairs of it that contain all the information needed to build and maintain a human being
34
GI tract
stomach and intestines
35
glomerulus
capillaries that filter water and disolved substances, including wastes, from the blood
36
Glucagon
hormone that stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream
37
hemopoiesis
production of blood, especially its formed elements
38
homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
39
hormones
chemical substances that affect many body processes
40
IRDS
condition caused by lack of surfactant in the lungs
41
insulin
pancreatic hormone required to move glucose into the cells
42
integument
covering or skin
43
internal respiration
exchange of respiratory gases between the blood and cells in the tissues
44
kidneys
organs that form and excrete urine
45
larynx
medical term for voice box
46
lipase
digestive enzyme secreted by the the pancreas
47
lumbar puncture
procedure in which a physician inserts a special needle into the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid
48
meninges
connective tissue that encloses the brain and spinal cord
49
metabolism
sum of all physical and chemical reactions that sustain life
50
midsagittal (medial) plane
divides the body vertically into equal right and left portions
51
mitosis
process by which cells divide
52
nephron
functional unit of the kidney
53
neurons
fundamental working units of the nervous system
54
nucleus
command center of a cell that contains the chromosomes that govern all cell activities
55
papillae
give rise to ridges and grooves that form the fingerprints
56
pelvic cavity
body space that houses the reproductive organs
57
peristalsis
wavelike contractions of intestinal muscles that help move food through the system
58
pharynx
throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
59
physiology
study of the function of living things
60
pituitary gland
gland that secretes hormones that control other glands
61
pleura
membrane that encases the lungs
62
prone/pronation
lying face down and the act of turning face down
63
proximal
nearest to the point of attachment
64
sagittal plane
the plane that divides the body vertically into right and left portions
65
spinal cavity
body space that houses the spinal cord
66
squamous
flat or scale-like
67
stratified
arranged in layers
68
subcutaneous
beneath the skin
69
supine/supination
lying face up and the act of lying face up
70
surfactant
substance that coats the alveoli
71
synovial fluid
fluid found in joints
72
thoracic cavity
cavity housing lungs and heart
73
trachea
windpipe; tube through which air moves
74
transverse plane
the plane that divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions
75
ureters
ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
76
urethra
a duct through which the urine passes from the bladder to the outside
77
urinary bladder
muscular sac that stores urine until it is released
78
ventral
front of the body
79
aer (word roots)
air
80
bucc (word roots)
cheek
81
chondr (word roots)
cartilage
82
cry (word roots)
cold
83
cubit (word roots)
elbow
84
cyt (word roots)
cell
85
derm (word roots)
skin
86
glyc (word roots)
sugar, glucose
87
hemat (word roots)
blood
88
lip (word roots)
fat
89
leuk (word roots)
white
90
morph (word roots)
form
91
my (word roots)
muscle
92
prandi (word roots)
meal
93
sphygm (word roots)
pulse
94
squam (word roots)
flat, scale
95
thromb (word roots)
clot
96
ren (word roots)
kidney
97
scler (word roots)
hard
98
vas (word roots)
vessel
99
a- (prefixes)
without
100
brady- (prrefixes)
slow
101
dorso- (prefix)
back
102
epi- (prefixes)
on, over, upon
103
homeo- (prefixes)
same
104
intra- (prefixes)
within
105
macro- (prefixes)
large, long
106
medi- (prefixes)
middle
107
neo- (prefixes)
new
108
per- (prefixes)
through, by means of
109
poly- (prefixes)
many, much
110
tri- (prefixes)
three
111
-algia (suffixes)
pain
112
-emia (suffixes)
blood condition
113
-ic (suffixes)
pertaining to
114
-ism (suffixes)
conditions or state of
115
-itis (suffixes)
inflammation
116
-lysis (suffixes)
breakdown, destruction
117
-meter (suffixes)
instrument that measures or counts
118
-oxia (suffixes)
oxygen level
119
-penia (suffixes)
deficiency
120
-stasis (suffixes)
stopping controlling, standing
121
-tomy (suffixes)
cutting, incision
122
-ule (suffixes)
small
123
Identify the body system that carries hormones throughout the body and how?
The main system that carries hormones throughout the body is the circulatory system, through the blood.
124
What common lab test is used to assess the respiratory system and what four values are involved?
The common lab test used to assess the respiratory system is called blood gas. The four values that are involved are O2, CO2, pH, and bicarbonate.
125
Identify the two lab values discussed in the lecture to assess the renal system and explain the importance of these values.
The first one is creatinine which measures kidney function. If you see a small level of creatinine that means that the kidneys are doing their job (creatinine is a by-product of cell metabolism and muscle metabolism). If suddenly the creatinine goes up that tells us that there is a problem with the kidneys. The other test that is used to assess kidney function is blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The BUN lab test is assessing the level of nitrogenous wastes in the blood. It measures the amount of nitrogen in your blood that comes from urea (urea is a by-product of breaking down protein).
126
The balanced or "steady state" condition in the human body is called:
Homeostasis
127
what type of tissue protects and lines organs, vessels and cavities:
epithelial
128
which body system maintaining posture and moves the body
muscular
129
Which body system (also the largest organ) eliminates waste through sweat:
integumentary
130
The digestive system components form a continuous passageway from:
Mouth to anus
130
The digestive system components form a continuous passageway from:
Mouth to anus
131
which two lab tests are a good measure of kidney function:
BUN and creatinine
132
this body system protects internal organs and stores calcium:
Skeletal
133
this skin layer contains blood and lymph vessels:
dermis
134
The nervous system controls and coordinates body activates by:
Electrical impulses and chemical substances
135
The body system that secretes hormones in the blood stream and affects metabolism is the:
endocrine
136
which body system is involved in gas exchange, acid-base balance, and oxygen entering and leaving the blood stream
respiratory
137
the bedside nurse advises the phlebotomist that the patient is NPO. you as the phlebotomist know this to mean:
Nothing by mouth (to eat or drink)
138
according to the joint commission, there are many common medical terms that should not be abbreviated due to the
potential harm for the patient because of human error
139
The autonomic nervous system is divided into two branches: the "fight or flight" branch is called the _______ and the "rest and digest" branch is known as the ________.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
140
movement of smooth msucle (like in the walls of blood vessels is controlled by the ______ and is ________
autonomic nervous system: involuntary
141
voluntary movement of skeletal muscle is controlled by this branch of the nervous system:
somatic
142
the basic unit of all life including the human body is also known as the:
cell
143
The sum of all physical and chemical reactions needed to sustain life also known as the:
metabolism
144
a sac filled with synovial fluid to ease movement inside a joint is called:
Bursa
