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music and world culture > quiz 2 - up to North America > Flashcards

quiz 2 - up to North America Flashcards

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1
Q

syncretism

A

the fusion of cultures that takes place when different ethnic groups meet

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2
Q

elements of traditional Latin American music

A
  • European/african influence
  • pulsatile
  • participatory
  • parallel thirds (parallel melody 2 scale steps away)
  • paired phrases (song texts written in parallel lines)
  • dance rhythms
  • rhythm guitar (vigorous strumming and percussion)
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3
Q

brazilian dance rhythm

A

Samba

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4
Q

Cuban dance rhythm

A

rumba

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5
Q

tango

A

Argentinian dance rhythm

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6
Q

habanera

A
  • Cuban music and dance style
  • syncopated pattern
  • European/African influence
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7
Q

sesquialtera

A
  • syncopated 3 and 2 rhythmic pattern
  • triple and duple meter played simultaneously
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8
Q

syncopation

A
  • rhythmic pattern where the emphasis is on the off beats
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9
Q

duple meter

A
  • two beats per measure
  • march-like and rhythmic
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10
Q

triple meter

A
  • three beats per measure
  • waltz-like and flowing
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11
Q

simple meter

A
  • beats are divided into two
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12
Q

compound meter

A
  • beats are divided/grouped into three
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13
Q

compound meter

A
  • beats are divided into three
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14
Q

simple duple meter

A
  • two beats per measure
  • each beat can be divided into two parts
  • first beat is typically emphasized, giving the rhythm a strong, driving feel
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15
Q

Simple triple meter

A
  • three beats per measure
  • each beat can be divided into two equal parts
  • first beat is usually the strongest, with the second and third beats being weaker
  • a flowing, waltz-like feel
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16
Q

compound duple meter

A
  • two beats per measure
  • each beat can be divided into three equal parts
  • first subdivision of each beat is typically emphasized, giving the rhythm a lively, danceable feel
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17
Q

compound triple meter

A
  • three beats per measure
  • each beat can be divided into three equal parts
  • first subdivision of each beat is typically emphasized, creating a flowing, waltz-like feel
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18
Q

monophonic

A

one melody

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19
Q

homophonic

A

melody and accompaniment

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20
Q

heterophonic

A

same melody with slight variations

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21
Q

polyphonic

A

multiple independent melodies at the same time

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22
Q

ornamentation

A

addition of musical embellishments to a melody or musical line

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23
Q

ostinato

A

short, repeating pattern

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24
Q

asymmetrical

A
  • an uneven or irregular number of beats per measure
  • mixing simple and compound meters
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25
Q

symphony orchestra

A

an ensemble of 50 or more players reading notated music

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26
Q

opera

A

an elaborately staged dramatic work in which the characters sing all their lines

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27
Q

elements of western European music

A
  • homophonic texture (standard chords accompanying a melody)
  • use of notation
  • standard tuning system (12 pitches per octave, equal temperament)
  • diatonic modes (major and minor)
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28
Q

equal temperament

A

12 pitches per octave

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29
Q

strophic folk song

A

has a repeating melody with different words

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30
Q

consonance

A

pleasent to the ear

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31
Q

dissonance

A

tension and unease

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32
Q

triads

A

the most common sets of consonant intervals (chords), 3 pitch strucutures

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33
Q

ballad

A

4 line stanzas that correspond to regular musical phrases, as well as repeating refrains

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34
Q

Russian music characteristics

A
  • non-improvisation
  • serious/comic
  • landscape/orthodox influence
  • dark timbre
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35
Q

Russian wedding song characteristics

A
  • ostinato
  • bright timbre
  • participatory
  • polyphonic
  • round
36
Q

western european folk music characteristics

A
  • homophonic
  • hymns
  • pulsatile
  • strophic
  • chordophones
37
Q

strophic

A

multiple verses/stanzas that are sung to the same music

38
Q

Irish music characteristics

A
  • fast tempo
  • heterophonic
  • participatory
  • aerophones/chordophones
39
Q
  • jig
A
  • Irish
  • compound duple meter
40
Q

landler

A
  • austrian
  • triple meter couple dance
  • like the waltz
41
Q

scrammel ensemble

A
  • 2 violins
  • accordion
  • harp-guitar
42
Q

reel

A
  • irish duple meter dance
  • monophonic if one musician
  • heterophonic if two musicians
43
Q

bard

A

irish person who was a combination of poet, composer, and musician

44
Q

irish harp

A
  • smaller
  • smooth/sweet timbre
45
Q

irish instruments

A
  • irish harp
  • bagpipes
  • tin whistle (flute)
  • bodhran (drum)
46
Q

lament

A

song that expresses sorrow, mourning, or grief

47
Q

irish dance music characteristics

A
  • strophic
  • medly
  • step-dances
48
Q

medley

A

songs that flow into one another

49
Q

step-dances

A
  • reel
  • jig
  • slide
50
Q

refrains

A

section of a song that is repeated several times throughout the piece

51
Q

jota

A
  • spanish couple dance
  • quick triple meter
52
Q

flamenco

A
  • Spanish music and dance
  • raspy timbre, elaborate ornamentation, melismas, ferocity
  • highly expressive and emotional
53
Q

cante honde

A
  • flamenco style
  • demon, possession, sorrow
  • raspy timbre, elaborate ornamentation, melismas, ferocity
54
Q

yodeling

A
  • switching octaves very quickly
  • bright timbre
  • polyphonic
  • acapella
  • ornamentation
55
Q

Latin American musical instruments

A
  • harp
  • guitar
  • drums
  • trumpet, clarinet, accordian
  • claves
56
Q

son

A
  • wide variety of song/dance types
  • sesquialtera, strumming guitars, fast tempo dance
57
Q

conjunto

A
  • texas/mexico dance music
  • accordion, bajo sexto (guitar), string bass and singer
  • fast rhythm, lively melodies/vocals
58
Q

mariachi

A
  • costumes
  • guitarron (large bass guitar), pair of trumpets/violins,
  • bass sets tempo and provides percussion
  • bright nasaly timbre
  • duple meter
  • high tessitura
59
Q

fandango

A

compound meter (groups of 3) dance

60
Q

jarocho

A
  • for fandangos
  • stamping dances
  • lively, intricate rhythms and virtuoso harp playing
61
Q

Virtuoso

A

exceptional skill and mastery of an insurument

62
Q

rasquedo

A

alternating patterns of up/down strums

63
Q

clave

A
  • syncopated rhythmic pattern
  • 3 +2 or 2 + 3
64
Q

santeria

A
  • african influenced religion
  • syncretic
  • ewe drumming
  • bata drums
65
Q

rumba

A
  • secular dance
  • lead singer, responsorial chorus and bata
66
Q

bata

A
  • ensemble of Santeria
  • 3 drums
  • call and response
67
Q

danzon

A
  • syncopated dance of cuba
  • son clave is the foundation
68
Q

son clave

A

tresillo + 2 beats in the second half

69
Q

tresillo

A

3 + 3 + 2

70
Q

guajeo

A
  • melodic pattern
  • syncopations in short melodic motives
71
Q

son

A
  • cuban bands
  • tres, bongos, guitar, claves, and maracas
72
Q

tumbao

A

bass pattern

73
Q

salsa

A
  • comes from son and mambo
  • lively and syncopated rhythms
  • congas, bongos, brass, woodwinds, piano and bass guitar
74
Q

carnaval

A

big celebration

75
Q

samba schools

A
  • parade through the streets
    +100 percussionists
  • dancers on boats
76
Q

bateria

A

+100 percussionists

77
Q

samba

A
  • syncopated rhythmic dance
78
Q

tessitura

A

the range of pitches

79
Q

montuno

A
  • melodic pattern (like guajeo)
  • sound of the mountains
80
Q

tres

A

3 course guitar (6 strings)

81
Q

motif

A
  • motive/theme
  • repeats
82
Q

cuica

A

friction drum

83
Q

African American spirituals

A
  • medley
  • storytelling
  • biblical and hope
  • from enslaved people
84
Q

ragtime

A
  • piano
  • steady/fast tempo
  • playful/lighter mood
  • steady bass (keeping time)
  • syncopated melody
85
Q

jazz

A
  • drums, brass, and wind instruments
  • improvisation
  • participatory
  • call and response
  • vocables
  • biblical reference
86
Q

differences between conjunto, mariachi, and horocho

A

conjunto
- accordion, bajo sexto, and drums
- fast tempo
- lively dance rhythms

mariachi
- violins, trumpets, guittaron, and small guitar
- rich harmonies, lively rhythms

horocho
- small guitar, large guitar, violin
- intricate rhythms for dance

87
Q

melismas

A

ornaments in which multiple notes are sung or played on a single syllable of text

music and world culture (3 decks)

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