quiz 2 - up to North America Flashcards
1
Q
syncretism
A
the fusion of cultures that takes place when different ethnic groups meet
2
Q
elements of traditional Latin American music
A
- European/african influence
- pulsatile
- participatory
- parallel thirds (parallel melody 2 scale steps away)
- paired phrases (song texts written in parallel lines)
- dance rhythms
- rhythm guitar (vigorous strumming and percussion)
3
Q
brazilian dance rhythm
A
Samba
4
Q
Cuban dance rhythm
A
rumba
5
Q
tango
A
Argentinian dance rhythm
6
Q
habanera
A
- Cuban music and dance style
- syncopated pattern
- European/African influence
7
Q
sesquialtera
A
- syncopated 3 and 2 rhythmic pattern
- triple and duple meter played simultaneously
8
Q
syncopation
A
- rhythmic pattern where the emphasis is on the off beats
9
Q
duple meter
A
- two beats per measure
- march-like and rhythmic
10
Q
triple meter
A
- three beats per measure
- waltz-like and flowing
11
Q
simple meter
A
- beats are divided into two
12
Q
compound meter
A
- beats are divided/grouped into three
13
Q
compound meter
A
- beats are divided into three
14
Q
simple duple meter
A
- two beats per measure
- each beat can be divided into two parts
- first beat is typically emphasized, giving the rhythm a strong, driving feel
15
Q
Simple triple meter
A
- three beats per measure
- each beat can be divided into two equal parts
- first beat is usually the strongest, with the second and third beats being weaker
- a flowing, waltz-like feel
16
Q
compound duple meter
A
- two beats per measure
- each beat can be divided into three equal parts
- first subdivision of each beat is typically emphasized, giving the rhythm a lively, danceable feel
17
Q
compound triple meter
A
- three beats per measure
- each beat can be divided into three equal parts
- first subdivision of each beat is typically emphasized, creating a flowing, waltz-like feel
18
Q
monophonic
A
one melody
19
Q
homophonic
A
melody and accompaniment
20
Q
heterophonic
A
same melody with slight variations
21
Q
polyphonic
A
multiple independent melodies at the same time
22
Q
ornamentation
A
addition of musical embellishments to a melody or musical line
23
Q
ostinato
A
short, repeating pattern
24
Q
asymmetrical
A
- an uneven or irregular number of beats per measure
- mixing simple and compound meters
25
symphony orchestra
an ensemble of 50 or more players reading notated music
26
opera
an elaborately staged dramatic work in which the characters sing all their lines
27
elements of western European music
- homophonic texture (standard chords accompanying a melody)
- use of notation
- standard tuning system (12 pitches per octave, equal temperament)
- diatonic modes (major and minor)
28
equal temperament
12 pitches per octave
29
strophic folk song
has a repeating melody with different words
30
consonance
pleasent to the ear
31
dissonance
tension and unease
32
triads
the most common sets of consonant intervals (chords), 3 pitch strucutures
33
ballad
4 line stanzas that correspond to regular musical phrases, as well as repeating refrains
34
Russian music characteristics
- non-improvisation
- serious/comic
- landscape/orthodox influence
- dark timbre
35
Russian wedding song characteristics
- ostinato
- bright timbre
- participatory
- polyphonic
- round
36
western european folk music characteristics
- homophonic
- hymns
- pulsatile
- strophic
- chordophones
37
strophic
multiple verses/stanzas that are sung to the same music
38
Irish music characteristics
- fast tempo
- heterophonic
- participatory
- aerophones/chordophones
39
- jig
- Irish
- compound duple meter
40
landler
- austrian
- triple meter couple dance
- like the waltz
41
scrammel ensemble
- 2 violins
- accordion
- harp-guitar
42
reel
- irish duple meter dance
- monophonic if one musician
- heterophonic if two musicians
43
bard
irish person who was a combination of poet, composer, and musician
44
irish harp
- smaller
- smooth/sweet timbre
45
irish instruments
- irish harp
- bagpipes
- tin whistle (flute)
- bodhran (drum)
46
lament
song that expresses sorrow, mourning, or grief
47
irish dance music characteristics
- strophic
- medly
- step-dances
48
medley
songs that flow into one another
49
step-dances
- reel
- jig
- slide
50
refrains
section of a song that is repeated several times throughout the piece
51
jota
- spanish couple dance
- quick triple meter
52
flamenco
- Spanish music and dance
- raspy timbre, elaborate ornamentation, melismas, ferocity
- highly expressive and emotional
53
cante honde
- flamenco style
- demon, possession, sorrow
- raspy timbre, elaborate ornamentation, melismas, ferocity
54
yodeling
- switching octaves very quickly
- bright timbre
- polyphonic
- acapella
- ornamentation
55
Latin American musical instruments
- harp
- guitar
- drums
- trumpet, clarinet, accordian
- claves
56
son
- wide variety of song/dance types
- sesquialtera, strumming guitars, fast tempo dance
57
conjunto
- texas/mexico dance music
- accordion, bajo sexto (guitar), string bass and singer
- fast rhythm, lively melodies/vocals
58
mariachi
- costumes
- guitarron (large bass guitar), pair of trumpets/violins,
- bass sets tempo and provides percussion
- bright nasaly timbre
- duple meter
- high tessitura
59
fandango
compound meter (groups of 3) dance
60
jarocho
- for fandangos
- stamping dances
- lively, intricate rhythms and virtuoso harp playing
61
Virtuoso
exceptional skill and mastery of an insurument
62
rasquedo
alternating patterns of up/down strums
63
clave
- syncopated rhythmic pattern
- 3 +2 or 2 + 3
64
santeria
- african influenced religion
- syncretic
- ewe drumming
- bata drums
65
rumba
- secular dance
- lead singer, responsorial chorus and bata
66
bata
- ensemble of Santeria
- 3 drums
- call and response
67
danzon
- syncopated dance of cuba
- son clave is the foundation
68
son clave
tresillo + 2 beats in the second half
69
tresillo
3 + 3 + 2
70
guajeo
- melodic pattern
- syncopations in short melodic motives
71
son
- cuban bands
- tres, bongos, guitar, claves, and maracas
72
tumbao
bass pattern
73
salsa
- comes from son and mambo
- lively and syncopated rhythms
- congas, bongos, brass, woodwinds, piano and bass guitar
74
carnaval
big celebration
75
samba schools
- parade through the streets
+100 percussionists
- dancers on boats
76
bateria
+100 percussionists
77
samba
- syncopated rhythmic dance
78
tessitura
the range of pitches
79
montuno
- melodic pattern (like guajeo)
- sound of the mountains
80
tres
3 course guitar (6 strings)
81
motif
- motive/theme
- repeats
82
cuica
friction drum
83
African American spirituals
- medley
- storytelling
- biblical and hope
- from enslaved people
84
ragtime
- piano
- steady/fast tempo
- playful/lighter mood
- steady bass (keeping time)
- syncopated melody
85
jazz
- drums, brass, and wind instruments
- improvisation
- participatory
- call and response
- vocables
- biblical reference
86
differences between conjunto, mariachi, and horocho
conjunto
- accordion, bajo sexto, and drums
- fast tempo
- lively dance rhythms
mariachi
- violins, trumpets, guittaron, and small guitar
- rich harmonies, lively rhythms
horocho
- small guitar, large guitar, violin
- intricate rhythms for dance
87
melismas
ornaments in which multiple notes are sung or played on a single syllable of text
