Quiz 2 Thyroid

Question 1

Pyramidal lobe arises from

Answer 1

isthmus

Question 2

Anterior surface has:

Answer 2

Strap uscles, sternoclediomastoid muscles

Question 3

Longus colli muscle:

Answer 3

Posterior and lateral to lobes, hypoechoic triangular structure adjacent to cervical vertebrae.

Question 4

Largest muscle in thyroid:

Answer 4

sternoclediomastoid muscles

Question 5

Medial thyroid:

Answer 5

larynx, trachea, inferior constrictor of pharynx, esophagus.

Question 6

Esophagus is found to the ____ of trachea

Answer 6

left of

Question 7

Two ______ arise from external carotids and descend to the upper poles.

Answer 7

super thyroid arteries

Question 8

Two _______ arise from external thyrocervical trunk of sublcavian artery and ascend to lower poles.

Answer 8

inferior thyroid arteries

Question 9

When thyroid horomone needed by body, it is released into bloodstream by action of thyrotropin, or _____ produced by pituitary gland.

Answer 9

thyroid - stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 10

____ decreases concentration of calcium in blood by first acting on bone to inhibit its breakdown.

Answer 10

Calcitonin

Question 11

Undersectretion of thyroid hormones is ____.

Answer 11

Hypothyroidism.

Question 12

Hypothyroidism may be caused by low intake of ____ in body.

Answer 12

goiter (inability of thyroid to produce proper amount of thyroid hormone, or problem in pituitary gland that does not control thyroid production)

Question 13

Ober secretion of thyroid hormones is ___

Answer 13

hyperthyroidism

Question 14

Patients experiencing hyperthyroidism show signs of

Answer 14

exophthalmos (protruding eyes)

Question 15

Terms to describe goiter

Answer 15

nodular hyperplasia, multi-nodular goiter, adenomatous hyperplasia.

Question 16

Define goiter

Answer 16

enlargement of thyroid gland. (due to compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia of follicular epithelium caused by derangement that hampers hormone secretion)

Question 17

toxic goiter definition

Answer 17

hyperthyroid condition resulting from hyperthyroid gland

Question 18

nontoxic (simple) goiter occurs when

Answer 18

diffuse thyroid enlargement not resulting from neoplasm or inflammation.

Question 19

sonographic findings of goiter:

Answer 19

most hyperplastic or adenomatous nodules isoechoic compared to normal thyroid tissue. as gland enlarges may become hyperechoic. focal scarring and ischemia as well as necrosis and cyst formation. fibrosis or calcifications.

Question 20

cyst sonographic findings:

Answer 20

degenerative changes of nodules correspond to their sonographic appearance. purely anechoic areas,

Question 21

Adenoma:

Answer 21

benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation. Usually lesion solitary with areas of hemorrhage or necrosis .

Question 22

Sonographic findings of adenoma:

Answer 22

anechoid to compltely hyperechoid and commonly have perioheral halo

Question 23

What causes subacute (de quervain’s thyroiditis)

Answer 23

viral infection of thyroid