Quiz 1 - Breast Flashcards
Signs and symptoms of breast cancer:
- New/Growing dominant lump
- Distinguished from lumpy breast tissue
- Unilateral nipple discharge
- Serous or bloody
- Painless
- Doesn’t fluctuate with hormones.
Define Tail of Spence
Part of breast tissue extending into axilla
Layers of the breast from superficial to deep:
- Skin
- Subcutaneous
- Mammary
- Retromammary
- Pectoralis muscle
What is the most superficial layer of the breast and what is it made of?
Subcutaneous (premammary) layer.
Made of skin and primarily fat
(hypoechoic)
What is the 2nd layer of the breast (excluding skin)? And what does it contain?
Mammary (parenchymal/glandular) layer.
Glandular tissues, ducts, and connective tissues.
(The amount of fatty tissue dictates the amount of intensity from breast parenchyma)
What is the last layer of the breast and what is it made of?
Retromammary (thin layer)
Made of fat, muscle, deep connective tissue.
How do pectoralis muscles appear sonographically?
Hypoechoic striations (posterior to retromammary layer)
How do ribs appear sonographically?
Hypoechoic with dense post shadowing
What does BSE stand for?
Breast self-exam (should start monthly at 20 yrs old)
What does CBE stand for?
Clinical breast exam
How often should women in their 20s and 30s have clinical breast exams done? And 40s?
20s/30s: Every 3 years
40’s: Annually
Visual signs of breast cancer:
- Surface nipple lesions
- Non-healing ulcer
- Focal irritation
- New nipple retraction
- New focal skin dimpling/retraction
- Hot read breast
- Skin thickening
- Increased vascularity
BI-RADS stands for?
Breast imaging reporting and data system
Breast leisons identified by mamo using guidelines within the breast imaging reporting data system =
BI-RADS
Different diagnosis:
Common:
Simple cyst, complex cyst, fibroadenoma, lymphnode, oil cyst.
Less Common:
Galactocele, seroma, hemotoma, phyllodes tumor, cancer.
