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Biology 2 > QUIZ 2 study > Flashcards

QUIZ 2 study Flashcards

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1
Q

Taxonomy

A

Scientific discipline concerned with Naming and Classifying the diverse forms of life

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2
Q

Linnaean hierarchy

A 
categories of classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phyla
class
order 
family 
genus
species
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3
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

whole name italicized and first word is capital (genus, species)

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4
Q

taxon (pl. taxa)

A

a named taxonomic unit at any given level of classification

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5
Q

Systematics

A

A scientific discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships

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6
Q

Phylogeny

A

the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

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7
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

A branching diagram that represents phylogeny

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8
Q

Homology

A

Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry

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9
Q

Synapomorphy

A

a characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (in more or less modified form) by its evolutionary descendants

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10
Q

symplesiomorphy

A

The possession by two or more organisms or taxa of a shared primitive or ancestral character not exclusive to or characteristic of them in particular; the shared character itself

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11
Q

Analogy

A

Similarity between two species that is due to convergent evolution rather than to descent from a common ancestor with the same trait.

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12
Q

Homoplasy

A

A similar (analogous) structure or molecular sequence that has evolved independently in two species

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13
Q

Photoautotroph

A

organisms that carry out photosynthesis

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14
Q

heterotroph

A

secondary and tertiary consumers

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15
Q

mixotroph

A

an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy

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16
Q

primary endosymbiosis

A

is the process in which a eukaryote engulfs another living prokaryote. An organism may then use that organism to its advantage

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17
Q

secondary endosymbiosis

A

is when a living cell engulfs another eukaryote cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis

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18
Q

What does the root system do?

A

Anchors plant and absorbs water/minerals, stores carbohydrates

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19
Q

what does the shoot system do?

A

Consists of stem/leaves- photosynthesis

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20
Q

what are the 3 types of plant tissue

A

Dermal tissue
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue

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21
Q

what is dermal tissue?

A

the outer protective layer of plants/ usually one layer thick/ secretes waxy cuticle

22
Q

What is the waxy cuticle?

A

plant defense that acts as a waterproofing/also provides some protection from microbial attack

23
Q

what is ground tissue?

A

functions in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, support, and protection
(chloroplast is found here)

24
Q

What is vascular tissue?

A

conducts fluids and dissolved substances throughout the plant
is the xylem and phloem

25
Q

What is xylem?

A

(inner/one-way transport) transports water and minerals from roots to leaves

26
Q

What is phloem?

A

(outer/two-way transport) transports sugars from leaves to rest of the plant

27
Q

What are the 4 different sections of a root

A

Root cap
zone of cell division
zone of elongation
zone of maturation

28
Q

what’s the root cap?

A

secretes slimy substance that makes it easier for the root to slide through the soil

29
Q

what’s the zone of cell division?

A

a lot of cell division occurs here, contains the meristem cells (cells divide every 12-36 hours)

30
Q

What’s the zone of elongation?

A

Where cells are increasing in size

31
Q

What’s the zone of maturation?

A

where cells differentiate into different types of cells

32
Q

what are the 2 root sytems?

A 
taproot system (root go straight down)
fibrous system (many different root lines allover)
33
Q

what are prop roots?

A

support trees that are top heavy

usually in softer soil

34
Q

what are storage roots?

A

store nutriets/water

ex. carrots,beats, sweet potatoes

35
Q

what are strangling roots?

A

wrap around other tree and strangle he host until it dies

36
Q

what are pneumatophores?

A

project above the water surface

37
Q

what are buttres roots?

A

give support to trees in moist areas, where the soil is weak

38
Q

What does a stem consist of?

A

an alternating system of nodes and internodes

39
Q

what are nodes?

A

where the leaf grows off

40
Q

what are internodes?

A

stem segments between nodes

41
Q

What is primary growth in plants?

A

growth that makes the plant longer/due to apical meristem

42
Q

what is secondary grwoth?

A

growth that makes the plant wider/ due to the lateral meristem

43
Q

What are tree rings due to?

A

varying levels of water availability (xylem)

44
Q

what does the lateral meristem do?

A

produce secondary phloem towards the outside/produces seconary xylem towards the inside

45
Q

What are constitutive plant defenses?

present in all plants

A
  • cell wall
  • waxy cuticle
  • trichomes,thorns, etc.
  • some chemical defenses
46
Q

What are some induced defenses

A

(they are defenses produced as a result of injury/invasion)

  • toxic chemicals produced at high rates
  • enzymes that degrade pathogens
  • volatile copounds
47
Q

what are the 3 sexual life cycles observed in eukaryotes?

A

haplontic, diplontic, haplo-diplo

48
Q

what are 3 advantages seeds have over spores

A
  • seeds can store more resources
  • exhibit dormancy (fully developed embryo)
  • seed coat
49
Q

what are 4 derived traits that allowed adaptation of life on land for plants?

A

alternation of gen
walled spores
multicellular gametangia
apical meristems

50
Q

microphylls are only found on lycopds. t or f?

A

True

Biology 2 (5 decks)

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