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Biology 2 > BIO LAB final > Flashcards

BIO LAB final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Hardy Weinberg equations

A

Genotypic freq.–> (p^2+2pq+q^2=1)

Allele freq.–>(p+q=1)

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2
Q

What must you always find first in Hardy Weinberg equations?

A

always find q^2 first

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3
Q

what does p stand for

A

Dominant allele freq.

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4
Q

what does q stand for

A

recessive allele freq.

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5
Q

what does pq stand for

A

hetero gentotype freq.

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6
Q

what does p^2 stand for

A

homo dominant genotype freq

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7
Q

what does q^2 stand for

A

homo recessive genotype freq

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8
Q

What is a Null hypothesis

A

the hypothesis that says there is no significant difference between specified populations.
(the experiment showed no affect)

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9
Q

When do you use the T-test

A

when comparing the means of two nominal variables

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10
Q

what is a nominal variable

A

variables that can be categorized into distinct categories

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11
Q

what does the t-test show you

A

gives objective measure whether or not the 2 populations are statistically different, by comparing how much the values overlap

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12
Q

what is the P-value

A

a measure of probability that differences between the means of 2 populations are due to random chance

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13
Q

what is the range of the p value

A

(0-1) can never be zero

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14
Q

how do we know if a p value is significant

A

if the p value is more than .05 then it is statistically significant

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15
Q

when do we use a two-tailed t test

A

testing to see if the mean is above or below x

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16
Q

when do we use a one tail t test

A

testing to see if the mean is above x
or
testing to see if the mean is below x
(not both)

17
Q

What is primary literature?

A

the initial presentation of information— original research usually in journals

18
Q

what is the order of CSE format citation

A

Authors.Publication year. Article title. Volume #(issue #):Pages

19
Q

what are the steps of experimental design?

A 
Develop a hypothesis
Controlling variables in standarized treatment
Random sampling
Replication of samples
Employ standardized data
Analyze data to assess hypothesis
Submit results
20
Q

life cycle steps of a Fern

A

Sporophyte (2n) goes through meiosis—>Spore (n) goes through mitosis—-> Gametophyte (n) goes through mitosis—->gamete (n) that goes through Fertilization—> Zygote (2n) goes through mitosis back to a sporophyte (2n)

21
Q

what is a shared Derived character (synapomorphy)?

A

character present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively by its evolutionary descendants

22
Q

what is a Ancestral character (plesiomorphy)

A

Ancestral character shared by 2 or more taxa

23
Q

what is the order in which the Plantae phyla emerged

A

Chlorophyta, Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Monilophyta, Gymnosperm, Angiosperm
C.B.L.M.G.A
Christian Bale likes mega giant ass

24
Q

what is the order of derived characters in Plantae?

A 
chlorophyll a+b/cuticle
vascular tissue
Separate (Lycophyta- microphyll)
megaphyll
seeds
flowers/double fert.

C.C.V MSFD

25
Q

what is the order of phyla in Animals (protostomes)

A 
Porifera (outgroup/sponges)
Cnidaria (jellyfish/corals)
Platyhelminthes (flatworm)
Rotifera 
Mollusca (slugs,snails,clams)
Annelida (segmented worms)
Nematoda (roundworms)
Anthropoda (insects)

PCP RM ANA

26
Q

what is the order of phyla in Animals (deuterostomes)

A 
Cephalochordata (lancelets)
Urochrodata (sea squirts)
Myxini (hagfish)
Lampreys
Chondrichthyes (Sharks, rays, and ratfish)
Actinopterygii ( ray-finned fish)
Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)
Amphibia (frogs & salamanders)
Mammalia
Reptilla (turtles, lizards, snakes) [birds]

CUMLCASAMR

27
Q

what are Agnathans? and what phyla belong

A

Agnatha has no jaws

consisting of the phyla: Myxini and Lampreys

28
Q

What are Gnathostomatans? and what phyla belong

A

Gnathostomatans have jaws

Chondrichthyes through Reptilia

29
Q

What phyla are the ecdysoza?

A

Nematoda and anthropoda

30
Q

what phyla are Eumetazoa?

A

Cnidaria-anthropoda

31
Q

what phyla are lophotrochozoa?

A

platyhelminthes-annelida

32
Q

what are the bilateria/triploblast?

A

playhelmithes-anthrododa

33
Q

phylogenis in deuterostomes order

A 
Notochord
head
vertebral colum
jaws
paired appendages 
ossidied skeleton
lobe fins
tertapoda
amniotic membrane
epidermal scales

Biology 2 (5 decks)

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