Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy 2 > Quiz 2 revision > Flashcards

Quiz 2 revision Flashcards

1
Q

Normal carrying angles

A

M- 5-10 degrees

D- 10-15 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal carrying angles

A

M- 5-10 degrees

D- 10-15 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cubitus varus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cubitus valgus

A

> 15-20 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

list the three medial collateral ligaments of the elbow

A

anterior oblique
posterior oblique
transverse oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the lateral collateral ligaments

A

radial collateral ligament
lateral ulna collateral ligament

*resist varum stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which muscles flex the elbow

A

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Pronator Teres
Brachioradialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which muscles flex the elbow

A

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary elbow pronators

A

pronator quadratus

pronator teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

secondary elbow pronators

A

Flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
brachioradialis (supinated position)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary elbow supinators

A

biceps brachii

supinator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

secondary elbow supinators

A

radial wrist extensors
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
brachioradialis (pronated position)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Innervation of brachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Innervation of Biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5. C6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Innervation of brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve (C5, c6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Innervation of pronator teres

A

median nerve (C6, C7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Innervation of Triceps brachii

A

radial nerve (c5/6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Innervation of anconeus

A

Radial nerve (C5/6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus

A

median nerve (C6/7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Innervation of supinator

A

radial nerve (C5, 6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What limits elbow flexion

A

coronoid process engages fossa ‘tissue approximation’ SOFT END FEEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What limits elbow extension

A

olecranon contacting fossa ‘ bone to bone’ HARD END FEEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What limits elbow pronation

A

radius contacting ulnar ;elastic or tissue stretch’ FIRM END FEEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What limits elbow supination

A

limited by soft tissues ‘elastic or tissue stretch FIRM END FEEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
"open" Loose packed position of humero ulna
elbow flexed at 70 degrees | forearm supinated at 10 degrees
26
close packed position for humero ulna
elbow fully extended and supinated
27
Open packed position for radiohumeral
elbow fully extended and supinated
28
Closed pack position for radiohumeral
elbow flexed 90 and supinated 5
29
Open packed position for superior radioulna
elbow flexed 70 and supinated 45
30
Closed pack position for superior radioulnar
Forearm supinated 5 degrees | interosseous membrane fully lengthened
31
open packed position for inferior radioulna
10 supination
32
close pack position for inferior radioulna
5 supination
33
What is the capsular pattern for humeroulna
more limited into flexion than extension
34
What is the capsular pattern for radioulnar
equal limitation in supination and pronation
35
What is the capsular pattern for radioulnar
equal limitation in supination and pronation
36
What is cubitus varus
37
What is cubitus valgus
>15-20 degrees
38
list the three medial collateral ligaments of the elbow
anterior oblique posterior oblique transverse oblique
39
List the lateral collateral ligaments
radial collateral ligament lateral ulna collateral ligament *resist varum stress
40
Contributing factors to LE
``` stiff elbow joint restricted cervical or thoracic spine Neurodynamics (ULNTT2) Restricted shoulder movement (rotation) Unstable or stiff wrist Training : technique, intensity, volume, equipment Work duties, equipment ```
41
Which muscles flex the elbow
Triceps Brachii | Anconeus
42
Primary elbow pronators
pronator quadratus | pronator teres
43
secondary elbow pronators
Flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus brachioradialis (supinated position)
44
Primary elbow supinators
biceps brachii | supinator
45
secondary elbow supinators
radial wrist extensors extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis brachioradialis (pronated position)
46
Innervation of brachialis
musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
47
Innervation of Biceps brachii
musculocutaneous nerve (C5. C6)
48
Innervation of brachioradialis
Radial nerve (C5, c6)
49
Innervation of pronator teres
median nerve (C6, C7)
50
Innervation of Triceps brachii
radial nerve (c5/6)
51
Innervation of anconeus
Radial nerve (C5/6)
52
Innervation of pronator quadratus
median nerve (C6/7
53
Innervation of supinator
radial nerve (C5, 6)
54
What limits elbow flexion
coronoid process engages fossa 'tissue approximation' SOFT END FEEL
55
What limits elbow extension
olecranon contacting fossa ' bone to bone' HARD END FEEL
56
What limits elbow pronation
radius contacting ulnar ;elastic or tissue stretch' FIRM END FEEL
57
What limits elbow supination
limited by soft tissues 'elastic or tissue stretch FIRM END FEEL
58
"open" Loose packed position of humero ulna
elbow flexed at 70 degrees | forearm supinated at 10 degrees
59
close packed position for humero ulna
elbow fully extended and supinated
60
Open packed position for radiohumeral
elbow fully extended and supinated
61
Closed pack position for radiohumeral
elbow flexed 90 and supinated 5
62
Open packed position for superior radioulna
elbow flexed 70 and supinated 45
63
Closed pack position for superior radioulnar
Forearm supinated 5 degrees | interosseous membrane fully lengthened
64
open packed position for inferior radioulna
10 supination
65
close pack position for inferior radioulna
5 supination
66
What is the capsular pattern for humeroulna
more limited into flexion than extension
67
what is the capsular pattern for radiohumeral
more limited flexion than extension
68
What is the capsular pattern for radioulnar
equal limitation in supination and pronation
69
what are contractures
when the muscle forms in a fixed position
70
if PROM > AROM, what does it suggest
that nonarticular / contractile dysfunction
71
If PROM = AROM, what does it suggest
possible articular dysfunction
72
What is the most comfortable position for patients with elbow pain and why
80 degrees flexion - volume of air to space in joint is lowest - may lead to contractures if the position is maintained too long
73
one way to differentiate between ECRB and radial nerve
ECRB - pain on wrist flexion ROM | radial nerve - sharp shooting pain on wrist flexion ROM
74
the three stages of the tendon pathology continuum
reactive tendinopathy Tendon disrepair Degenerative
75
Differential diagnosis of medial elbow pain
medial epicondylalgia - golfer's elbow Medial collateral ligament sprain LLE ``` arthritis joint laxity loose body olecranon/coronoid impingement Referred pain nerve impingement ```
76
how many bones are there in the wrist complex
8
77
how many joints in the wrist complex
16
78
Zero starting position for wrist joint complex
longitudinal axis through the radius and third metacarpal bone are in a straight line
79
Resting position for the wrist joint complex
longitudinal axis through the radius and third metacarpal bone are in a straight line +slight ulnar deviation
80
Close packed position for wrist complex
wrist in maximal dorsal flexion (extension)
81
Capsular pattern for the wrist complex
Restricted equally in all directions
82
What are the two most important carpal bones regarding loss of range of motion with pathology
scaphoid and lunate
83
If flexion is lacking, which joints should be focused on
partly radiocarpal, mostly mid carpal
84
If extension is lacking, which joints should be focused on
radiocarpal then midcarpal
85
What is radial deviation
proximal row of carpals and midcarpals slide into dorsal and ulna glide
86
What is ulna deviation
proximal row moves into a palmar and radial glide
87
What type of joint is the 1st CMC joint
biaxial saddle -because of lax capsule, it functions as a ball and socket joint
88
What type of joints are PIPs and DIPs
hinge joints
89
De Quervain's
APL & EPB 'stenosing tendovaginitis of the first dorsal retinaculum
90
Intersection syndrome
APL/EPB & ECR
91
Dupuytren's contracture
4th and 5th digits contracture
92
where can a ganglion occur
on the dorsal radial side of the wrist
93
what is a mallet finger tendon avulsion
avulsion of the extensor tendon
94
what is a jersey finger tendon avulsion
avulsion of the flexor tendon
95
What is Kienbock's disease
avascular nercrosis of the lunate
96
guyon's tunnel
ulnar nerve entrapment - cyclists and karate
97
definition of carpal instability
inability to bear physiological loads with an associated loss of normal carpal alignment
98
What is an outcome measure
outcome = a change in a patient characteristic as a consequence of a specific intervention or treatment ' ``` Outcome measure (OM) = tools or means to measure an outcome ``` A standardised test or a scale that has been demonstrated to measure a patient characteristic of interest
99
What is responsiveness
the test or scale should be able to measure change over time
100
Outcome measure
can evaluate a variety of specific patient characteristics such as -impairment level .-e.g. pain perceived function - level of disability, incapacity or distress activity limitations participation restrictions mental state
101
LASER acronym
``` Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ```
102
Class of lasers
``` Class I : low power lasers Class II: power out put up to 1mW (400-700nm wavelength) Class IIIa: power out put up to 5mW Class IIIb: power output up to 5-500mW Class IV: Power output up to 500-700mW ```
103
Stimulated emission of Radiation
Laser (lasing ) medium Resonating Cavity Power Source
104
What is a lasing medium
a substance capable of being pumped with energy
105
Resonating cavity
chamber to contain lasing medium contains a pair of parallel reflecting surfaces / mirrors Photons are reflected back and forth to produce an intense photon resonance one reflecting surface (output coupler) is not a perfect mirror and allows output of the light
106
What is monochromaticity
single coloured clustered around a single wavelength wavelength is a critical factor for determining biological effects
107
What is collimation
rays of light / photons are all parallel almost no divergence over distance optical power is bundled on to a small area But increases danger to the eye
108
Scattering of incident light
change in direction of light as it passes through tissue with varying refractive indices relative to water content = loss of coherence
109
Absorption of incident light
chromophores are biomolecules that absorb photons and include melanin and haemoglobin therefore penetration Is limited to several millimeters but is wavelength dependant
110
What is Arndt-Schultz law/rule
weak stimuli increases physiologic activity, moderate stimuli inhibit activity, and very strong stimuli abolish activity
111
Cellular research
stimulate fibroblasts, macrophages and collagen production
112
Thermal response
increase nerve conduction | increase capillary dilation
113
Bioenergetic response
acupuncture - stimulate points
114
Biochemical effect
``` releses nitric oxide increase ATP production increase Fibroblast migration increase macrophage activity increase keratinocyte activity RNA/DNA synthesis SOD production ```
115
Bioelectric effects of laser
electromotive action, acting on membrane bound ion channels | -intracellular/extracellular/ ion gradient changes
116
Clinical effects of laser
reduced spasm - pain relief - increased circulation Improved flexibility and function - improved healing reduced symptoms associated with osteoarthritis
117
indications for laser
wound management soft tissue injuries arthritis pain relief
118
POwer output
expressed in milliwatts (mW) | More powerful machines (30-200mw) now common as deliver energy quicker
119
Irradiance (power density)
mW/cm2 | Usually kept high
120
Energy
Joules power output in W x secs application eg. 30mW device for 60 sec = 1.8J
121
contra indications for laser
for direct aim into eyes of humans or animals over areas injected with steroids in the past 2-3 weeks over areas that are suspicious or contain potentially cancerous tissue over areas of active haemorrhage over a pregnant uterus over the neck (thyroid or carotid sinus region) or chest (vagus nerve or cardiac region of the thorax) directly over areas with open wounds unless covered with a clear. protective barrier treatment over sympathetic ganglia for symptomatic local pain relief unless etiology is established or unless a pain syndrome has been diagnosed infections, diseases over bony growth centres thoracic area with pacemaker eye vascular diseases

Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions