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Bone Path 2 > Quiz 2 part II > Flashcards

Quiz 2 part II Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for a bone island?

A

Enstoma

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2
Q

Describe an enostoma

A

Solitary, discrete area of sclerosis. Not a neoplasm!

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3
Q

Common locations for enostomas? Age of patient?

A

Pelvis, sacrum, proximal femur, basically any bone except skull

Any age, m/c adults

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4
Q

How fast do enstomas grow?

A

They don’t grow or do so very slowly!

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5
Q

Plain film findings of enostoma?

A

Ovoid or round with sharp margins that is homogenously dense.

Often has a “brush border”

Metaphysis or epiphysis

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6
Q

Which benign bone tumor has a clear, lytic center surrounded by sclerosis?

A

Osteoid Osteoma

The lytic center is called a “nidus”

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7
Q

How do you tell the difference between a enostoma (bone island) from osteoblastic mets?

A

Ultimately will have to do a bone scan, but a brush border indicates enostoma

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8
Q

What is a common characteristic of osteoid osteomas?

A

Pain! Hardly ever are discovered incidental.

Pain gets increasingly severe and is wore at night

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9
Q

Common age range of patients with osteoid Osteoma?

A

10-25

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10
Q

What are two benign tumors that typically cause pain?

A

GCT and osteoid osteoma

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11
Q

Where is the m/c location for osteoid osteoma?

A

50% in femur and tibia

20% phalanges

10% spine, mostly neural arch

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12
Q

Where in bone is it m/c for osteoid osteoma to form?

A

Cortex, although they can occur cancellous and sub periosteal bone

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13
Q

Plain film findings for osteoid osteoma?

A

Lucent nidus (>1cm) surrounded by reactive sclerosis

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14
Q

Treatment for osteoid osteoma?

A

Must remove nidus entirely or will most likely recur

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15
Q

What is the go to imaging for osteoid osteoma?

A

Plain film- can identify 75% of the time

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16
Q

3 causes of painful scoliosis

A

Osteoid osteoma

Aneurysmal bone cyst (expansile lytic lesion)

Osteoblastoma

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17
Q

Which 5 benign tumors cause pain?

A 
GCT
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Chondroblastoma
Aneurysmal bone cyst
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18
Q

Which benign tumor is a sclerotic lesion found in the skull or sinuses?

A

Osteoma

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19
Q

Which benign tumor should be DDx’d against Paget’s disease?

A

Hemangioma

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20
Q

Which benign tumor should be DDx’d against osteoblastoma and brodie’s abscess?

A

Osteoid osteoma

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21
Q

Which benign tumor, if close to the axial skeleton, should be DDx’d against chondrosarcoma?

A

Enchondroma

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22
Q

What is another name for enostoma?

A

Bone island

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23
Q

Where can bone islands form?

A

Anywhere except the skull

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24
Q

Which benign tumor has a cartilagenous cap?

A

Osteochondroma

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25
Q

Which two benign tumors have a nidus?

A

Osteoid osteoma

Osteoblastoma

26
Q

Which benign tumor is characterized as being within the cortex, small, eccentric with a sclerotic margin?

A

NOF/FCD

27
Q

Should you refer out for a simple bone cyst?

A

Yes indeed

28
Q

Should you refer out for an osteoma?

A

No, unless it is disrupting a sinus then maybe

29
Q

What is the malignant potential of osteochondroma?

A 
Single lesion 1%
Multiple lesion (MHE) 20%
30
Q

What is the malignancy potential for enchondroma?

A

Single lesion 1%

Multiple lesions 25-50%

31
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the patella?

A

GCT

32
Q

What % of GCT are purely lytic?

A

60%

40% will have soap bubbly appearance

33
Q

M/c locations for osteochondroma?

A

85% in femur, humerus or tibia

34
Q

Osteochondroma and growth plate closure?

A

Growth should cease when plate closes

35
Q

What is the m/c benign tumor of the spine?

A

Hemangioma

36
Q

T or F: path fx are common with hemangiomas

A

False AF

37
Q

T or F: vertebral body expansion is common with hemangiomas

A

False AF

38
Q

Hemangiomas in soft tissue usually contain _______

A

Phelobiths

39
Q

What is Gardners syndrome (triad) ?

A

Multiple osteomas
Colonic polyps
Soft tissue fibromas

40
Q

3 DDx for enostoma?

A

Osteoblastic mets
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoma

41
Q

M/c location for osteoblastoma?

A

40% are in neural arch of spine

30% long bone metaph, diaph

30% hands, feet, skull, face

42
Q

Which painful benign bone tumor is relieved by aspirin?

A

Osteoid osteoma

43
Q

Are osteobalstomas mostly lytic or blastic?

A

Lytic!

44
Q

What is the 2nd most common benign tumor?

A

Enchondroma

45
Q

Most common location for enchondroma?

A

50% Phalanges (hands and feet)

50% femur, tibia, humerus, ribs

46
Q

Enchondroma appearance?

A 
Geographic
Expansile
Thinned cortex with scalloping
Most are central
Calcification in 50%
No periosteal reaction, no ST mass
47
Q

What is Ollier’s disease?

A

Multiple enchondromatosis

48
Q

What is Maffucci’s syndrome?

A

Multiple enchondromatosis with ST hemangiomas (phleboliths), malignant transformation up to 25%

49
Q

Chondroblastoma and growth plate closure

A

Chondroblastomas are usually seen before growth plate closure

50
Q

Location of chondroblastoma?

A

Epiphyseal or apophyseal

51
Q

Which two tumors can be found in the epiphysis?

A

GCT

Chondroblastoma

52
Q

One main plain film finding that is different between GCT and chondroblastoma?

A

Chondroblastoma have calcifications 50% of the time. GCT do not.

53
Q

Most common location for Chondromyxoid fibroma

A

50% in tibia

54
Q

Location difference between FCD and NOF?

A

FCD stays in cortex

NOF extends into medullary cavity

55
Q

T or F: NOF is more likely to be found in a 15 year old than FCD?

A

True AF

56
Q

Most common location for NOF/FCD?

A

90% in tibia or fibula

57
Q

Most common location for simple bone cyst?

A

75% in proximal humerus or femur

58
Q

Treatment for simple bone cyst?

A

Surgery d/t high fracture rate

59
Q

Primary symptom of aneurysmal bone cyst?

A

Acute onset of pain with rapid increase in severity

60
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the clavicle?

A

ABC

61
Q

What is the only benign tumor to cross the growth plate?

A

ABC

62
Q

What is the rarest primary bone tumor? Characteristics?

A

Intraosseous lipoma

Lytic, geographic, sclerotic border

Bone Path 2 (10 decks)

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